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So that engineers can respond to consumer complaints about particulate matter in drinking water, this manual provides a series of decision trees for selecting an analysis process, and describes wet chemical methods for making qualitative identifications of aluminum, copper, iron, lead, manganese, and zinc contaminants along with advanced methods for confirming results. Preparation of reagents required for each wet chemical method and procedural instructions are listed on the left-hand page, while color images are reproduced on the right. Case studies of particle samples collected from utilities and a literature review are provided, but no index. Spiral binding. Annotation : 2004 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).
Protecting and maintaining water distributions systems is crucial to ensuring high quality drinking water. Distribution systems-consisting of pipes, pumps, valves, storage tanks, reservoirs, meters, fittings, and other hydraulic appurtenances-carry drinking water from a centralized treatment plant or well supplies to consumers' taps. Spanning almost 1 million miles in the United States, distribution systems represent the vast majority of physical infrastructure for water supplies, and thus constitute the primary management challenge from both an operational and public health standpoint. Recent data on waterborne disease outbreaks suggest that distribution systems remain a source of contamination that has yet to be fully addressed. This report evaluates approaches for risk characterization and recent data, and it identifies a variety of strategies that could be considered to reduce the risks posed by water-quality deteriorating events in distribution systems. Particular attention is given to backflow events via cross connections, the potential for contamination of the distribution system during construction and repair activities, maintenance of storage facilities, and the role of premise plumbing in public health risk. The report also identifies advances in detection, monitoring and modeling, analytical methods, and research and development opportunities that will enable the water supply industry to further reduce risks associated with drinking water distribution systems.
As EPA standards for water quality have tightened in recent years, the need to more accurately assess filter performance and improve the overall treatment process has led to increased demand for the high sensitivity provided by particle counters. One particle counter can give you more data than a dozen turbidimeters-if you know how to sort through the complexity and confusion.
A small but growing number of municipalities are augmenting their drinking water supplies with highly treated wastewater. But some professionals in the field argue that only the purest sources should be used for drinking water. Is potable reuse a viable application of reclaimed water? How can individual communities effectively evaluate potable reuse programs? How certain must "certain" be when it comes to drinking water safety? Issues in Potable Reuse provides the best available answers to these questions. Useful to scientists yet accessible to concerned lay readers, this book defines important terms in the debate and provides data, analysis, and examples of the experience of municipalities from San Diego to Tampa. The committee explores in detail the two major types of contaminants: Chemical contaminants. The committee discusses how to assess toxicity, reduce the input of contaminants, evaluate treatment options, manage the byproducts of disinfection and other issues. Microbial contaminants, including newly emerging waterborne pathogens. The book covers methods of detection, health consequences, treatment, and more. Issues in Potable Reuse reviews the results of six health effects studies at operational or proposed reuse projects. The committee discusses the utility of fish versus mammals in toxicology testing and covers issues in quality assurance.
As EPA standards for water quality have tightened in recent years, the need to more accurately assess filter performance and improve the overall treatment process has led to increased demand for the high sensitivity provided by particle counters. One particle counter can give you more data than a dozen turbidimeters-if you know how to sort through