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Naukratis, the first city in Egypt where Greeks were permitted to settle and one of the major centers of the ancient world, is located in the West Nile Delta south of modern Alexandria, It was first excavated by Flinders Petrie in 1884; his discoveries indicated occupation from the Archaic Period to Late Antiquity. The limited extent of Petrie's excavations and the erosion of the site inspired the American Ancient Naukratis Project to start new fieldwork in 1980. This volume contains details of an intensive surface survey (with selective drill-sampling) of the area surrounding Petrie's trenches, which have become waterlogged. Intensive cataloguing of pottery and small find distribution allows full appreciation of the functional and chronological patterning of the larger site. An historical essay on the possible origins of Naukratis, a study of stamped amphora handles, a geological study and new studies of material from Petrie's original excavations are also included in this volume.
Reports on digs in the western Nile Delta at the ancient city Herodotus identified as the first and only one in which Greek merchants were allowed to settle. The site was given top priority by an international association in 1979 because the accelerated processes of decay and modernization were jeopardizing remains. A review of the history of the excavations is followed by reports from the four quarters of the cite. Chapters then examine pottery, miscellaneous material culture, carbonized plant remains, human burials in the south mound, animal bones and shells, and fish bones. The first volume reports work at the southern end of the ancient city, at a mound within the modern village of Kom Ge'if; the second reports that at the northeast of the village in an area known both to Petrie and local farmers as Kom Hadid. No index. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.
Explores the creation of identities through cross-cultural interactions in multiethnic commercial settlements in the Archaic and Classical Mediterranean.
Archaic Naukratis was a busy trading place in the Western Delta of the Nile, renowned for its sanctuaries and courtesans, granting the Greeks access to Egyptian grain and luxury items. Now, more than one hundred years after the discovery and excavation of Naukratis, the author offers the first full-length analysis of the archaeology and archaic history of this important site. Although Naukratis always features in modern accounts of ancient Greek colonization, it was not a place where the Greeks could freely establish their own political and social organization - it was under the strict control of the Egyptian pharaoh and his officials. To understand the special status of Naukratis, the author takes the port of trade model, surveying the political, social, and economic background of both Late Period Egypt and archaic Greece. A major section of the book comprises an archaeological re-evaluation of the topography of archaic Naukratis and its material finds. The sanctuaries, archaic pottery styles, terracottas, faiences, statuettes, and other small finds are examined in the light of recent scholarship, and an in-depth study of the literary evidence is brought to bear on the archaeological material. This book comprises a significant contribution to our understanding of Graeco-Egyptian relations during the seventh and sixth centuries BC and also demonstrates that Polanyian economic theory can play an invaluable rôle in the ongoing debate about the concepts best employed to analyse the ancient Greek economy.
The Middle Kingdom (ca. 2030–1650 B.C.) was a transformational period in ancient Egypt, during which older artistic conventions, cultural principles, religious beliefs, and political systems were revived and reimagined. Ancient Egypt Transformed presents a comprehensive picture of the art of the Middle Kingdom, arguably the least known of Egypt’s three kingdoms and yet one that saw the creation of powerful, compelling works rendered with great subtlety and sensitivity. The book brings together nearly 300 diverse works— including sculpture, relief decoration, stelae, jewelry, coffins, funerary objects, and personal possessions from the world’s leading collections of Egyptian art. Essays on architecture, statuary, tomb and temple relief decoration, and stele explore how Middle Kingdom artists adapted forms and iconography of the Old Kingdom, using existing conventions to create strikingly original works. Twelve lavishly illustrated chapters, each with a scholarly essay and entries on related objects, begin with discussions of the distinctive art that arose in the south during the early Middle Kingdom, the artistic developments that followed the return to Egypt’s traditional capital in the north, and the renewed construction of pyramid complexes. Thematic chapters devoted to the pharaoh, royal women, the court, and the vital role of family explore art created for different strata of Egyptian society, while others provide insight into Egypt’s expanding relations with foreign lands and the themes of Middle Kingdom literature. The era’s religious beliefs and practices, such as the pilgrimage to Abydos, are revealed through magnificent objects created for tombs, chapels, and temples. Finally, the book discusses Middle Kingdom archaeological sites, including excavations undertaken by the Metropolitan Museum over a number of decades. Written by an international team of respected Egyptologists and Middle Kingdom specialists, the text provides recent scholarship and fresh insights, making the book an authoritative resource.
The pottery from Naukratis--the original sanctuary is now submerged--is dispersed in museums all over the world, but the lion's share remains in Egypt, particularly in the large collection in the Graeco-Roman Museum in Alexandria, and until now it has remained almost completely unpublished. This book introduces the pottery and provides a rationale behind the classifications of individual fragments, including a description of each fragment.
This book highlights the diversity of current methodologies in Classical Archaeology. It includes papers about archaeology and art history, museum objects and fieldwork data, texts and material culture, archaeological theory and historiography, and technical and literary analysis, across Classical Antiquity.