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With distressing statistics about rising cost burdens, increasing foreclosure rates, rising unemployment, falling wages, and widespread homelessness, building affordable housing is one of our most pressing social policy problems. Affordable Housing and Public-Private Partnerships focuses attention on this critical need, as leading experts on affordable housing law and policy come together to address key issues of concern and to suggest appropriate responses for future action. Focusing in particular on how best to understand and implement the joint work of public and private actors in housing, this book considers the real estate aspects of affordable housing law and policy, access to housing, housing finance and affordability, land use, housing regulation and housing issues in a post-Katrina context. Filling a critical gap in the scholarly literature available, this book will be of particular interest to policy-makers, academics, lawyers and students of housing, land use, real estate, property, community development and urban planning
Over the last decade or so, private-sector financing through public-private partnerships (PPPs) has become increasingly popular around the world as a way of procuring and maintaining public-sector infrastructure, in sectors such as transportation (roads, bridges, tunnels, railways, ports, airports), social infrastructure (hospitals, schools, prisons, social housing) public utilities (water supply, waste water treatment, waste disposal), government offices and other accommodation, and other specialised services (communications networks or defence equipment). This book, based on the author's practical experience on the public- and private-sector sides of the table, reviews the key policy issues which arise for the public sector in considering whether to adopt the PPP procurement route, and the specific application of this policy approach in PPP contracts, comparing international practices in this respect. It offers a systematic and integrated approach to financing PPPs within this public-policy framework, and explains the project-finance techniques used for this purpose. The book deals with both the Concession and PFI models of PPP, and provides a structured introduction for those who are new to the subject, whether in the academic, public-sector, investment, finance or contracting fields, as well as an aide memoire for those developing PPP policies or negotiating PPPs. The author focuses on practical concepts, issues and techniques, and does not assume any prior knowledge of PPP policy issues or financing techniques. The book describes and explains:* The different types of PPPs and how these have developed* Why PPPs are attractive to governments* General policy issues for the public sector in developing a PPP programme* PPP procurement procedures and bid evaluation* The use of project-finance techniques for PPPs* Sources of funding* Typical PPP contracts and sub-contracts, and their relationship with the project's financial structure * Risk assessment from the points of view of the public sector, investors, lenders and other project parties* Structuring the investment and debt financing* The key issues in negotiating a project-finance debt facility. In addition the book includes an extensive glossary, as well as cross-referencing.*Reviews the PPP policy framework and development from an international perspective*Covers public- and private-sector financial analysis, structuring and investment in PPPs*No prior knowledge of project financing required
By merging public and private tangible and intangible capitals, Public Private Partnerships contracts (PPP) are fundamental to generate public value and to support economic and social development; in the aftermath of Covid-19 pandemic, they prove critical to pave the way for the recovery. This book is intended to support the co-evolution of the main public and private players involved in PPP contracts for infrastructure and service delivery, by providing principles, based on the academic and professional experience of the authors, that can be applied across sectors and jurisdictions. Drawing on the framework of public-private collaborations at macro, meso and micro level, this book provides a practical perspective on the most relevant legal, financial and contractual issues of PPP contracts for infrastructure and service delivery.
Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO provided information on a framework for evaluating the success of public-private partnerships in housing and community development. GAO found that: (1) the need for a project could be considered in terms of the difference between existing and desirable conditions; (2) the partnership might identify the geographic area or target population served by a project; (3) process criteria involved the implementation of the project and included project initiation, the structure and management of partnership operations, and resource acquisition; (4) understanding how a project was implemented could reveal important information about the success or failure of a project, and ways in which programs could be improved; (5) outcome criteria related to the effects of a given project, including such tangible effects as the number of housing units built or commercial space developed, and less tangible effects, such as changes in the environment or community; (6) there was no federal program with the direct objective of supporting public-private housing and community development partnerships; (7) the framework should serve as a guide to evaluating the need for and the implementation and outcome of housing and community development projects undertaken by public-private partnerships; (8) setting forth evaluation criteria implies the need for measuring performance against those criteria; and (9) the framework could serve as a planning tool for federal, state, or local officials and private-sector participants in public-private partnerships.
Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO provided information on federal programs supporting public-private partnerships in housing and community development. GAO found that: (1) 9 cabinet-level departments and 7 independent agencies administered a total of 46 federal programs supporting public-private partnerships in housing and community development, with the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) managing 19 programs; (2) 20 programs addressed housing purposes, 25 addressed community development purposes, and 1 addressed both purposes; (3) 15 programs used project grants to support partnership projects, while other programs used formula grants, loan guarantees, and technical or advisory services; (4) 30 programs used state and local governments as mediating agents to apply for financial assistance; (5) 22 programs targeted families and individuals, and 17 targeted communities; (6) most target populations had low- or moderate-incomes; and (7) data limitations made it difficult to evaluate public-private partnerships in terms of the national total of such partnerships, the amount of federal dollars appropriated for such projects, federal monitoring of investments, partnership organizational structures and their effectiveness, and overall partnership effectiveness.