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When biological theories were used to understand behavior in the early 20th century, they were often poorly understood. Ideas about race, ethnicity, and IQ, and notions of social Darwinism, were based on a misunderstanding and an incomplete understanding of genetics and Darwin s theory of evolution by natural selection. Now, however, a biological understanding of social behavior is an integral part of modern science, and increasingly used in the study of behavior in organizations. Yet, compared with other explanatory paradigms in organizational behavior, biological and evolutionary approaches are still relatively rare. "The Biological Foundations of Organizational Behavior" provides accessible insights for scholars and practitioners in management and organizational behavior into what biology can offer their fields. Chapters contain enough background to orient readers who may have little knowledge of biology, and provide substantive contributions to advancing understanding of specific areas of biology and human behavior in organizations. They also show how the addition of biological theory and research to organizational-behavior scholarship will increase its explanatory and predictive power and contribute to its scientific foundations."
The fifth edition of Psychological Foundations of Musical Behavior appears at a time of continuing worldwide anxiety and turmoil. We have learned a lot about human musical behavior, and we have some understanding of how music can meet diverse human needs. In this exceptional new edition, the authors have elected to continue a “one volume” coverage of a broad array of topics, guided by three criteria: The text is comprehensive in its coverage of diverse areas comprising music psychology; it is comprehensible to the reader; and it is contemporary in its inclusion of information gathered in recent years. Chapter organization recognizes the traditional and more contemporary domains, with special emphases on psychoacoustics, musical preference, learning, and the psychological foundations of rhythm, melody, and harmony. Following the introductory preview chapter, the text examines diverse views of why people have music and considers music’s functions for individuals, its social values, and its importance as a cultural phenomenon. “Functional music” and music as a therapeutic tool is discussed, including descriptions and relationships involving psychoacoustical phenomena, giving considerable attention to perception, judgment, measurement, and physical and psychophysical events. Rhythmic behaviors and what is involved in producing and responding to rhythms are explored. The organization of horizontal and vertical pitch, tonality, scales, and value judgments, as well as related pedagogical issues are also considered. The basic aspects of musical performance, improvisation, composition, existing musical preferences and tastes, approaches to studying the affective response to music with particular emphasis on developments in psychological aesthetics are examined. The text closely relates the development and prediction of musical ability, music learning as a form of human learning, and music abnormalities, concluding with speculation regarding future research directions. The authors offer their latest review of aspects of human musical behavior with profound recognition of music’s enduring values.
The first volume in The SAGE Handbook of Industrial, Organizational and Work Psychology introduces key concepts in personnel and employee performance from cognitive ability and the psychological predictors used in assessments to employee and team values. The editor and contributors present a clear overview of key research in the areas of behaviour change and how to assess individual job performance – making Volume I indispensable for anyone working in or studying Human Resource Management.
Our goal with this 13th Edition is to keep this first mainline organizational behavior text up-todate with the latest and relevant theory building, basic and applied research, and the best-practice applications. We give special recognition of this scientific foundation by our subtitle - An Evidence-Based Approach. As emphasized in the introductory chapter, the time has come to help narrow the theory/research—effective application/practice gap. This has been the mission from the beginning of this text. As “hard evidence” for this theory/research based text, we can say unequivocally that no other organizational behavior text has close to the number of footnote references. For example, whereas a few texts may have up to 40 or even 50 references for a few chapters, all the chapters of this text average more than twice that amount. This edition continues the tradition by incorporating recent breakthrough research to provide and add to the evidence on the theories and techniques presented throughout. Two distinguishing features that no other organizational behavior textbook can claim are the following: 1) We are committed at this stage of development of the field of OB to a comprehensive theoretical framework to structure our text. Instead of the typical potpourri of chapters and topics, there is now the opportunity to have a sound conceptual framework to present our now credible (evidence-based) body of knowledge. We use the widely recognized, very comprehensive social cognitive theory to structure this text. We present the background and theory building of this framework in the introductory chapter and also provide a specific model (Figure 1.5) that fits in all 14 chapters. Importantly, the logic of this conceptual framework requires two chapters not found in other texts and the rearrangement and combination of several others. For example, in the opening organizational context part there is Chapter 4, “Reward Systems,” and in the cognitive processes second part, Chapter 7, “Positive Organizational Behavior and Psychological Capital,” that no other text contains. 2) The second unique feature reflects our continuing basic research program over the years. Chapter 7 contains our most recent work on what we have termed “Positive Organizational Behavior” and “Psychological Capital” (or PsyCap). [The three of us introduced the term “Psychological Capital” in our joint article in 2004]. To meet the inclusion criteria (positive; theory and research based; valid measurement; open to development; and manage for performance improvement), for the first time the topics of optimism, hope, happiness/subjective well-being, resiliency, emotional intelligence, selfefficacy, and our overall core construct of psychological capital have been given chapter status. Just as real-world management can no longer afford to evolve slowly, neither can the academic side of the field. With the uncertain, very turbulent environment most organizations face today, drastically new ideas, approaches, and techniques are needed both in the practice of management and in the way we study and apply the field of organizational behavior. This text mirrors these needed changes. Social Cognitive Conceptual Framework. The book contains 14 chapters in four major parts. Social cognitive theory explains organizational behavior in terms of both environmental, contextual events and internal cognitive factors, as well as the dynamics and outcomes of the organizational behavior itself. Thus, Part One provides the evidence-based and organizational context for the study and application of organizational behavior.
The Psychology of Decision Making provides an overview of decision making as it relates to management, organizational behavior issues, and research. This engaging book examines the way individuals make decisions as well as how they form judgments privately and in the context of the organization. It also discusses the interplay of group and institutional dynamics and their effects upon the decisions made within and on the behalf of organizations.
This book is one of the first to provide an overview of recent developments in social psychological theory as it applies to organizational issues. It brings together outstanding scholars whose research touches the interfaces of social psychology , IO psychology and organizational behavior. Social psychology deals with social interactions between individuals and groups. As individuals populate, run, and confuse (!) organizations, analyzing individual behavior and interpersonal interactions is critical for understanding organizational effectiveness and success, as well as individual satisfaction and well-being. The chapters in this volume address the critical topics for current and future organizational life such as prosocial and antisocial behavior, ethics, trust, creativity, diversity, stress, conflict, power and leadership and many more.
Fundamentals of Organizational Behavior: An Applied Perspective, Second Edition examines the behavior of people in organizations. Topics covered range from political maneuvering in organizations (office politics) to the stresses facing people in managerial and professional positions. A conceptual framework for organizational behavior is presented, along with numerous case illustrations and examples from live organizational settings. This monograph consists of 14 chapters and opens with an introduction to organizational behavior and how it is influenced by principles of human behavior. The three main subareas or schools of management thought are discussed, together with the difference between knowledge work and non-knowledge work; how research and theory contribute to an understanding of organizational behavior; and the distinction between structure and process. The following chapters explore how the meaning of work relates to work motivation, as well as the link between work motivation and job performance; behavioral aspects of decision making; stresses in managerial and professional life; and political maneuvering in organizations. Small group behavior, leadership styles, and interpersonal communications are also considered, along with intergroup conflict and organizational effectiveness. This book will be of interest to students, managers, and staff specialists, as well as behavioral scientists and management theorists.
This superb introduction to the field of organizational psychology and organizational behaviour builds on the foundation of the highly successful first edition to provide up-to-date explanations of all the key topics in a clear, coherent and accessible style. The text is supported by numerous illustrations and examples as well as end-of-chapter summaries and concluding remarks. Topic sections on key research studies, as well as applied aspects such as human resources applications and cross-cultural issues, lead the reader through the complexities of the theory to its practical application. The Psychology of Behaviour at Work covers all major topics in the field, from vocational choice, personality, attitudes, motivation and stress, to cooperation, learning, training, group dynamics, decision making and leadership. Further sections introduce corporate culture and climate, as well as organisational structure, change and development, and a final section outlines predictions not only for the future study of organizational psychology, but of the future of work itself. As with the first edition, The Psychology of Behaviour at Work will prove to be an invaluable resource for psychology students on work and organizational psychology courses, business students on organizational behaviour courses, and human resources managers eager to expand their knowledge of this fascinating field.
Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Its Nature, Antecedents, and Consequences examines the vast amount of work that has been done on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in recent years as it has increasingly evoked interest among researchers in organizational psychology. No doubt some of this interest can be attributed to the long-held intuitive sense that job satisfaction matters. Authors Dennis W. Organ, Philip M. Podsakoff, and Scott B. MacKenzie offer conceptual insight as they build upon the various works that have been done on the subject and seek to update the record about OCB. Key Features: Explores how OCB translates into objective measures of efficiency, profitability, customer satisfaction, and other criteria of organizational functioning Examines how important OCB is in other societal cultures and correlates findings from North American studies Addresses the relative importance of individual personality as a factor in determining OCB OCB has become a foundation for concepts in Organizational Studies. This book provides an all-encompassing resource for students, scholars, and practitioners looking for a comprehensive understanding on this key topic. It is an excellent textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students studying organizational behavior or organizational psychology in courses such as Strategic Human Resource Management, Measurement of Work Performance; Behavioral Organization Theory; and Social Psychology of Organizations.