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"This report documents the design, development, and implementation of refinements to a prototype staff training package for future forces. These training refinements were made to a prototype staff training package described in the report Prototype Staff Training and Evaluation Methods for Future Forces, Throne et al., 1999. The training refinements were implemented in a simulation-based experiment examining the impact of digital systems on Future Battle Command at the battalion and brigade level. This report focuses on the training support package designed to improve performance of staffs using advanced command, control, communications, computer, and intelligence (C4I) systems. Documentation is provided on the analysis, design and development of four staff training products developed under this effort: a Surrogate Command, Control, Communications, and Computers (SC4) System Demonstration, Digital Staff Drills, Team Training Sessions (TTSs) and TTSs Trainer Guide, and refinements to Tactical Decision-Making Exercises (TDXs). The formative evaluation is described for those products with survey results and project team Observations reported by product type. Lessons learned on future staff training are documented and may help direct the Army's effort to develop command and staff training support packages (TSPs) for future forces."--Stinet.
"This report examines the use of digital information systems and automated measures of human performance to improve staff training and performance assessment. This work began with a review of research literature and technical documentation related to team performance and assessment, operations in digital environments, and automated performance data collection. A general design for staff performance assessment was formulated, based on findings of the literature review. An opportunity to implement this design was provided by an Army Concept Experimentation Program (CEP), the Battle Command Reengineering (BCR) IV, which took place in April 2000. By participating in the BCR IV, researchers had the opportunity to conduct a trial implementation of the automated measures of performance assessment Coordination between the U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences and the Mounted Maneuver Battlespace Lab (MMBL) at Fort Knox, Kentucky, enabled the two organizations to work together as a team to accomplish multiple goals. This report describes the development of prototype automated measures, the results of their use during the BCR IV, and lessons learned for future staff performance assessment efforts."--Stinet.
"This research and development effort continues the work by the U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences (AM), Armored Forces Research Unit, Future Battlefield Conditions Team. It focuses on the design and development of automated training and performance evaluation techniques. A primary context for these efforts is digital brigade and below training requirements and environments. For this project, AM's objective was to design, develop, and demonstrate 20 prototype automated measures to improve training and evaluation for brigade and below command and staff performance. The prototype automated measures developed were implemented during the Future Combat Command and Control (FCC2) Concept Experimentation Program experiment conducted by the Mounted Maneuver Battlespace Lab (MMBL) at Fort Knox, Kentucky. The AM's purpose for participating in this experiment was to support the MMBL and the Army's need to gain additional information on future staff evaluation requirements in a virtual simulation environment, and gather feedback for improvements to the prototype automated measures developed during this effort."--DTIC.
"The Army's growing reliance on digital technologies reinforces and extends concerns about training and evaluation, particularly in the area of command and control. Digital technology represents a new and powerful weapon for attacking evaluation requirements, but is a double-edged sword that poses challenge and opportunity. This report examines bow digital technologies can help solve many evaluation challenges, including the ones they create. The Background chapter reviews basic issues confronting conventional command and control performance and evaluation. Two key issues considered are manually burdened methods and measures, and the limitations imposed by analog media. The Findings chapter examines bow digital technologies might improve evaluations of command and control performance. This examination begins by identifying many of the new challenges introduced by digital command and control systems. Next, opportunities for overcoming evaluation challenges through the application of digital technologies are considered, including automated measures of versus about performance, more precise and comprehensive measures, and less burdened measurement methods. Finally, examples of digital measurement methods illustrate the potential for improving command and control evaluation through digital data integration, data mining, and data visualization. The report's conclusions identify some key research and development efforts required for applying digital technology to improve command and control performance and evaluation."--DTIC.
"As the U.S. Army continues to develop more powerful and complex digital information systems, it is essential that both training needs and training opportunities are addressed to meet mission objectives. One way to address the training challenges of emerging digital systems is through the use of computer-based instruction (CBI), particularly because of the flexibility it offers in the way training can be delivered (e.g., embedded, distance learning, Internet). Another way is to improve learning by applying principles of cognitive psychology to the training design. This paper describes a research and development effort that incorporated a limited set of cognitive learning principles and techniques in the design of CBI for individual digital operator skills. To demonstrate the design features, four prototype training modules were developed for the Force XXI Battle Command Brigade and Below (FBCB2), the Army's vehicle-mounted digital system for distributing information to provide situational awareness. This paper describes how the selected instructional techniques and cognitive principles were used in distributed computer-based training. Pictures of screen layouts illustrate how the principles and techniques were instantiated in operator training for a digital system. Finally, this report provides a discussion of the lessons learned and issues for future research and development."--DTIC.