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Protest and Punishment seeks to advance current debates and discussions on the criminalization of dissent as a common feature of neo-liberal governance in the current period of capitalist globalization. Demands for greater democratization and equality have been met by conservative calls for a "moderation of democracy" and the use of police to stifle growing social movements. Part of that response has been the reconstruction of police forces and policing to maintain public order while limiting popular mobilization. The period of alternative globalization protests has seen a number of dramatic clashes between police and protesters. The protests against the WTO in Seattle in November 1999 gained the nickname "The Battle in Seattle." Demonstrations in Quebec City (2001), Genoa (2001), Miami (2003) and London (2009) have seen running street battles between demonstrators and police. Social justice activists who confront and contest neo-liberal governments and global capital have been subjected to tear gas attacks, rubber bullets and concussion grenades, surveillance, illegal searches and seizures, detention, and beatings. The Genoa and London protests also saw the death of civilians due to police actions. For some critics, state violence against demonstrators or political opponents is viewed as an act of state terrorism, designed to strike fear into potential protesters, dissidents or even observers. Such aggressive policing and state violence is intended to send a message to future activists that political demonstrations will not be tolerated. The works collected in Protest and Punishment examine developments in the repression of resistance in the neo-liberal context. They examine shifts and transformations in state approaches to dissent from early developments in the last decades of the twentieth century through to the present period of capitalist globalization in the twenty-first century. Through a discussion of a variety of protests and movements in different national contexts (Canada, Netherlands, US, UK) this collection offers a unique perspective on key practices and policies that mark neoliberal governance and changing visions of citizenship and the accompanying shifts in economic and cultural structures in the current age. The works in this collection are based on contributions from engaged scholars, most of whom have direct firsthand experience in the protests that they analyze. The collection offers insights into the complex struggles that underpin the present period through an extensive and diverse examination of protests and punishment in the global era. It provides important resources for understanding the character of community resistance and repression by governments in the contemporary period.
In medieval England, a defendant who refused to plead to a criminal indictment was sentenced to pressing with weights as a coercive measure. Using peine forte et dure ('strong and hard punishment') as a lens through which to analyse the law and its relationship with Christianity, Butler asks: where do we draw the line between punishment and penance? And, how can pain function as a vehicle for redemption within the common law? Adopting a multidisciplinary approach, this book embraces both law and literature. When Christ is on trial before Herod, he refused to plead, his silence signalling denial of the court's authority. England's discontented subjects, from hungry peasant to even King Charles I himself, stood mute before the courts in protest. Bringing together penance, pain and protest, Butler breaks down the mythology surrounding peine forte et dure and examines how it functioned within the medieval criminal justice system.
In Mass Politics in Tough Times, the eminent political scientists Larry Bartels and Nancy Bermeo have gathered a group of leading scholars to analyze the political responses to the Great Recession in the US, Western Europe, and East-Central Europe.
Against the backdrop of rising populism around the world and democratic backsliding in countries with robust, multiparty elections, this book asks why ordinary people favor authoritarian leaders. Much of the existing scholarship on illiberal regimes and authoritarian durability focuses on institutional explanations, but Tsai argues that, to better understand these issues, we need to examine public opinion and citizens' concerns about retributive justice. Government authorities uphold retributive justice - and are viewed by citizens as fair and committed to public good - when they affirm society's basic values by punishing wrongdoers who act against these values. Tsai argues that the production of retributive justice and moral order is a central function of the state and an important component of state building. Drawing on rich empirical evidence from in-depth fieldwork, original surveys, and innovative experiments, the book provides a new framework for understanding authoritarian resilience and democratic fragility.
This book critically evaluates the way ordinary people enforce morality in everyday life.
Visions of Social Control is a wide ranging analysis of recent shifts in ideas and practices for dealing with crime and delinquency. In Great Britain, North America and Western Europe, the 1960's saw new theories and styles of social control which seemed to undermine the whole basis of the established system. Such slogans as 'decarceration' and 'division' radically changed the dominance of the prison, the power of professionals and the crime-control system itself. Stanley Cohen traces the historical roots of these apparent changes and reforms, demonstrates in detail their often paradoxical results and speculates on the whole future of social control in Western societies. He has produced an entirely original synthesis of the original literature as well as an introductory guide to the major theoreticians of social control, such as David Rothman and Michael Foucault. This is not just a book for the specialist in criminology, social problems and the sociology of deviance but raises a whole range of issues of much wider interest to the social sciences. A concluding chapter on the practical and policy implications of the analysis is of special relevance to social workers and other practitioners. This is an indispensable book for anyone who wants to make sense of the bewildering recent shifts in ideology and policy towards crime - and to understand the broader sociological implications of the study of social control.
In the Age of Jackson, private enterprise set up shop in the American penal system. Working hand in glove with state government, contractors in both the North and the South would go on to put more than half a million imprisoned men, women, and youth to hard, sweated toil for private gain by 1900. Held captive, stripped of their rights, and subject to lash and paddle, convict laborers churned out vast quantities of goods and revenue, in some years generating the equivalent of more than $30 billion worth of work. By the 1880s, however, a growing mass of Americans came to regard the prison labor system as immoral and unbefitting of a free republic: it fostered torture and other abuses, degraded free citizen-workers, corrupted government and the legal system, and stifled the supposedly ethical purposes of punishment. The Crisis of Imprisonment tells the remarkable story of this controversial system of penal servitude:-how it came into being, how it worked, how the popular campaigns for its abolition were ultimately victorious, and how it shaped and continues to haunt the American penal system. The author takes the reader into the morally vital world of nineteenth-century artisans, industrial workers, farmers, clergy, convicts, machine politicians, and labor leaders and shows how prisons became a lightning rod in a determined defense of republican and Christian values against the encroachments of an unbridled market capitalism. She explores the vexing ethical questions that prisons posed then and remain exigent today: What are the limits of state power over the minds, bodies, and souls of citizens and others-is torture permissible under certain circumstances? What, if anything, makes the state morally fit to deprive a person of life or liberty? Are prisoners slaves and, if so, by what right? Should prisoners work? Is the prison a morally defensible institution? The eventual abolition of prison labor contracting plunged the prisons into deep fiscal and ideological crisis. The second half of the book offers a sweeping reinterpretation of Progressive Era prison reform as, above all, a response to this crisis. It concludes with an exploration of the long-range impact of both penal servitude and the anti-prison labor movement on the modern American penal system.
According to the authors, the outburst of rebellion at Strangeways Prison in April 1990 represented only the culmination of many years of protest in Britain. This book analyzes the causes of prison protest, using Peterhead as its main case-study.