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The Characterization of Chemical Purity: Organic Compounds focuses on the processes, methodologies, and reactions involved in chemical purity. The selection first offers information on the concept of purity and its bearing on methods used to characterize purity and thermal methods, including general observations on impurity determination, freezing and melting phenomena, and classification of thermal methods of purity control. The manuscript also takes a look at density measurements, refractive index, and vapor pressure and boiling temperature measurements. The book ponders on chromatography and mass spectrometry. Discussions focus on chromatograms, testing of purity, quantitative and qualitative analysis, and liquid chromatography. The text also reviews optical, Raman, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Topics include infra-red (vibrational) spectra, experimental techniques, and nature of the Raman effect. Chemical and physical measurements, calibration of instruments, availability of standard reference materials, and value of human effort are discussed. The manuscript is a dependable reference for readers interested in chemical purity.
In Spring 2010, a Senate bill and a House bill were introduced to amend TSCA. This report compares both bills, and current law. Both bills would amend the 35-year-old law to shift the burden of demonstrating safety for chemicals in commerce from the EPA to manufacturers and processors of chemicals. Both bills also would prohibit manufacture, processing, and dist. of any chemical substance for which safety has not been demonstrated. Both bills suggest a health-based standard. In contrast, current law requires that a chemical not pose ¿an unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environ.,¿ and that any reg¿n. should control unreasonable risk to the extent necessary using the ¿least burdensome¿ means of control. Illus. A print on demand report.