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Procesul lui Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, liderul Mi?carii Legionare a marcat un moment critic din istoria Romaniei in perioada interbelica. A distrus ultimele vestigii ale democratiei ?i a stat la baza dictaturii lui Carol al II-lea.“Procesul lui Corneliu Zelea Codreanu” prezinta stenogramele procesului insotite de un studiu introductiv scris de doi specialisti in istoria Romaniei, Gheorghe Buzatu ?i Kurt W. Treptow. De asemenea, volumul contine o serie de apendici, inclusiv scrisori si file de jurnal scrise de Codreanu in inchisoare.
Volumul de faţă este consacrat ultimelor doua procese ale fondatorului şi conducătorului Mişcării Legionare, Corneliu Zelea Codreanu - primul, pentru "ultraj", intentat la sugestia lui Armand Călinescu de Nicolae Iorga, în aprilie 1938, iar cel de al doilea pentru "trădare", la ordinul aceluiaşi sanguinar ministru de Interne (care, depăşindu-şi atribuţiile, a redactat personal actul de punere sub acuzare şi, în plus, a stabilit personal şi pedepsele!!! - 6 luni închisoare corecţională, şi, respectiv, 10 ani muncă silnică), în mai acelaşi an. Pentru completarea imaginii atmosferei în care s-au desfăşurat aceste două "procese", am considerat util să adăugăm şi acestui volum o Addenda, care cuprinde Depoziţia lui Iuliu Maniu la "procesul de trădare", din mai 1938, Mărturia avocatului Vasile Mailat, care l-a apărat pe Corneliu Zelea Codreanu în cele două "procese", precum şi relatarea din ziarul "Cuvântul", referitoare la rejudecarea procesului şi achitarea în noiembrie 1940 a şefului Mişcării Legionare de către Înalta Comisiune de Revizuire a proceselor politice, prezidată de magistratul D.G. Lupu (hotărâre care n-a fost contestată niciodată, nici chiar de regimul comunist).
The trial of Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, leader of the Legionary Movement in Romania, marked a critical moment in the history of the country between the two World Wars. It destroyed the last vestiges of democracy and laid the groundwork for the establishment of the royal dictatorship by Carol II.Romanian Crucible presents the transcript of the trial, for the first-time in English translation, edited and accompanied by an introductory study by two leading specialists on Romanian history, Gheorghe Buzatu and Kurt W. Treptow. The book also contains a series of appendixes, which include journal entries from Codreanu in prison.
Founded in 1927, Romania’s Legion of the Archangel Michael was one of Europe’s largest and longest-lived fascist social movements. In Holy Legionary Youth, Roland Clark draws on oral histories, memoirs, and substantial research in the archives of the Romanian secret police to provide the most comprehensive account of the Legion in English to date. Clark approaches Romanian fascism by asking what membership in the Legion meant to young Romanian men and women. Viewing fascism "from below," as a social category that had practical consequences for those who embraced it, he shows how the personal significance of fascism emerged out of Legionaries’ interactions with each other, the state, other political parties, families and friends, and fascist groups abroad. Official repression, fascist spectacle, and the frequency and nature of legionary activities changed a person’s everyday activities and relationships in profound ways. Clark’s sweeping history traces fascist organizing in interwar Romania to nineteenth-century grassroots nationalist movements that demanded political independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It also shows how closely the movement was associated with the Romanian Orthodox Church and how the uniforms, marches, and rituals were inspired by the muscular, martial aesthetic of fascism elsewhere in Europe. Although antisemitism was a key feature of official fascist ideology, state violence against Legionaries rather than the extensive fascist violence against Jews had a far greater impact on how Romanians viewed the movement and their role in it. Approaching fascism in interwar Romania as an everyday practice, Holy Legionary Youth offers a new perspective on European fascism, highlighting how ordinary people "performed" fascism by working together to promote a unique and totalizing social identity.
The Fascist Faith of the Legion "Archangel Michael" in Romania, 1927–1941 engages critically with recent works on fascism, totalitarianism, and religion, and advances an original theoretical and methodological approach to fascism as a political faith. On this basis, the book constructs an innovative comparative research framework for reconceptualizing the history of the Legion "Archangel Michael" in Romania, 1927–1941. It contends that the Legion put forward a palingenetic political faith of a theological type, called Legionarism. To provide a comprehensive analysis of the origins, main features, mechanisms of institutionalization, and demise of this self-proclaimed salvific political faith, the book documents the palingenetic foundations of the Legionary faith, the syncretism between fascist and Christian rites and rituals, and the intricate relationship between the Legion and the Orthodox Church and its dogma. The book documents three main sacrificial strategies employed by the Legion to "re-evangelize" the people in the new faith: (1) the appropriation of the cult of the fallen soldiers; (2) terrorist missions meant to create fascist heroes through violent sacrifice; and (3) sanctification through heroic fight for Christianity in the Spanish Civil War, in an attempt to link Legionarism with the transnational crusade against "Judeo-Bolshevism." As well as providing a detailed historical and interpretive account of the Legion, the book makes a significant contribution to debates about defining fascism and its relation to religion. It also provides novel comparative perspectives for studying other attempts at constructing fascist faiths in interwar Europe, most notably in Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany but also in Central and Eastern Europe. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of fascism, Romanian studies, politics and religion, political theory, totalitarianism, youth radicalization, violence, and the emergence of terrorism.
The Romanian chapter in the history of European Jewry during the Nazi era is replete with complex and controversial issues, including the anti-Jewish measures of the late-1930s, the pogroms of the early-1940s and the mass murders of Jews in Romanian-occupied parts of Ukraine. This book, divided into four parts, includes an analytical view of anti-Semitism as reflected in the 1940-1944 records of the Council of Ministers; the genocidal drive against Romanian and Ukrainian Jews during the Antonescu era; the foreign factor in the history of the Holocaust in Romania; and the myths and history-cleansing campaigns spearheaded by Romanian nationalists.
This book describes the attempt in post-Communist Hungary to distort and denigrate the Holocaust, often by respectable public figures such as intellectuals, members of parliment and influential government and party figu. Such figures appear resolved to explain and justify Hungary's linkage to Nazi Germany, rehabilitate the Horthy regime, and absolve the country of any responsibility for the destruction of approximately 550,000 of its citizens of the Jewish faith or heritage.