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This symposium on Reflections and Directions in Low Energy Heavy-Ion Physics celebrates twenty years of the University Isotope Separator at Oak Ridge (UNISOR) and ten years of the Joint Institute for Heavy Ion Research (JIHIR). It reflects on the accomplishments in low energy heavy-ion science and emphasizes the new directions and opportunities to be explored with low energy heavy-ion facilities. It includes a special section devoted to structure theory and another emphasizing new research to result from facilities exhibiting radioactive ion beam capabilities, new generation recoil mass spectrometers and sophisticated gamma-ray detector arrays. With the participation of leading researchers in the field, the proceedings of this conference is a major reference work for graduate students and research workers in nuclear physics.
The proceedings contain invited papers and contributions which capture the recent advances in technology (beams, detectors, electronics, computing) and emphasize the new frontiers opened up in Nuclear Physics. Results with most of the existing multidetectors, as well as the progress of new developments, were presented. The presentations of EUROGAM, GAMMASPHERE, GASP, DIAMANT, ORION, EDEN, DEMON, the Texas Neutron Ball, the DWARF Ball, INDRA, FOBOS, AMPHORA, MEDEA and the SIS/ESR Particle Ball will also be included. The progress in data collection with the new integrated electronics, as well as transputer farm and network distributed processing, is also presented. Experimental results cover superdeformation, multifragmentation, neutron-rich isotopes, dissipative collisions, cluster states and radioactive beam measurements.
This volume describes the latest developments in the design, construction and operation of cyclotrons, from compact machines producing intense beams for isotope production, cancer therapy and industrial use, to the larger versions giving higher energy beams of ions of various elements for nuclear and particle physics. Important topics include ECR ion sources, superconducting magnets and radiofrequency cavities, beam dynamics and diagnostics, beam cooling rings, control systems and various medical and industrial applications.
Major developments have taken place during the last few years in the study of the nuclear paradigm as a result of recent detector and accelerator developments, and of improved theoretical models.The active use of 4-π detectors to measure the gamma decay of excited nuclei has been instrumental in exploring the consequences of extremely high rotational frequencies and excitation energies in the nuclear structure. The identification of superdeformed bands, of limiting temperature for the detection of giant resonances, and of rotational damping, are conspicuous examples of this novel type of research. Studies of the disassembling of the nucleus have been systematically carried out, and the results interpreted in terms of transport models.At even higher temperatures one expects to have a completely new regime of hot dense matter, where the hadronic properties become strongly renormalized by the medium.Furthermore, studies of the properties of the nucleon as a many-body system of quarks and gluons displaying collective degrees of freedom which are damped by couplings to more complicated states, are providing a detailed and consistent picture of the nuclear paradigm.Important progress is also taking place in situations essentially opposite to the scenarios described above, namely in the study of correlations in nuclear matter at very low temperature and density.
This book presents recent results on experimental and theoretical studies of the interaction of heavy ions with nuclei at low and intermediate energies: the dynamics of fusion and decay of complex nuclear systems, the synthesis of superheavy elements, the synthesis and properties of exotic nuclei close to the proton and neutron driplines, nuclear fission, nuclear structure, and reactions with stable and radioactive ion beams. It also covers some aspects of applied physics research: track membranes and their applications, the use of polymers in medicine and electronics, production and application of radioisotopes for medical purposes, and environmental protection.