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This is an open access book. Big data is a large-scale and complex data set based on modern information technology. It has the characteristics of scale and diversity, and its information processing and storage capabilities have been significantly improved. The application of big data technology is to fully mine and analyze data, build cooperation and interaction between teachers and students, encourage students to communicate and interact with teachers, and give full play to the education and teaching effect of big data. In order to improve teaching quality and efficiency as much as possible, all kinds of teaching in the new era must have strong flexibility and foresight, so as to adapt to the development of modern society. So big data will give greater flexibility to educational activities. Therefore, big data will give greater flexibility to educational activities, and more and more scholars provide new ideas for the above research directions. To sum up, we will hold an international academic conference on big data and information education. The 2023 4th International Conference on Big Data and Informatization Education (ICBDIE2023) was held on April 7–9, 2023 in Zhangjiajie, China. ICBDIE2023 is to bring together innovative academics and industrial experts in the field of Big Data and Informatization Education to a common forum. The primary goal of the conference is to promote research and developmental activities in Big Data and Informatization Education and another goal is to promote scientific information interchange between researchers, developers, engineers, students, and practitioners working all around the world. The conference will be held every year to make it an ideal platform for people to share views and experiences in international conference on Big Data and Informatization Education and related areas.
The first handbook to include detailed information on all 615 conifers, temperate as well as tropical, this encyclopedic work offers users as diverse as ecologists, gardeners, foresters and conservationists the accumulated knowledge of these trees obtained in 30 years of academic research, presented in an easily searchable format.
Planted forests - despite being only seven per cent of the world's forest resources, have superseded naturally regenerating forests as the principal source of industrial wood products. Lessening the pressure for wood production, on natural forests, tree planting has released them to be managed for other purposes - carbon sinks, soil and water protection, conservation of biological diversity, recreation and amenity. Representing a complement, but not an alternative, to natural forests, planted forests have become increasingly important for reducing worldwide deforestation, loss of forest ecosystems and forest degradation. Examining the significance of this rapidly emerging world resource, chapters consider the strengths and weaknesses of planted forests, management objectives for their use and aspects of ownership and policy. Data from key production countries are used to evaluate the implications and sustainability of planted forests as a source of forest products as well as social and ecological issues.
This second edition of the conifer book Pines is an amended and updated version of the first edition, which sold out in 2002. The scope and structure of the book have been maintained. It includes several taxonomic changes and presents a new chapter on phylogeny. Conservation aspects have been added. The book contains a total of 92 drawings and 103 distribution maps.
Coupled with biomechanical data, organic geochemistry and cladistic analyses utilizing abundant genetic data, scientific studies are revealing new facets of how plants have evolved over time. This collection of papers examines these early stages of plant physiology evolution by describing the initial physiological adaptations necessary for survival as upright structures in a dry, terrestrial environment. The Evolution of Plant Physiology also encompasses physiology in its broadest sense to include biochemistry, histology, mechanics, development, growth, reproduction and with an emphasis on the interplay between physiology, development and plant evolution. - Contributions from leading neo- and palaeo-botanists from the Linnean Society - Focus on how evolution shaped photosynthesis, respiration, reproduction and metabolism. - Coverage of the effects of specific evolutionary forces -- variations in water and nutrient availability, grazing pressure, and other environmental variables