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This volume contains revised versions of selected papers presented dur ing the 23rd Annual Conference of the German Classification Society GfKl (Gesellschaft fiir Klassifikation). The conference took place at the Univer sity of Bielefeld (Germany) in March 1999 under the title "Classification and Information Processing at the Turn of the Millennium". Researchers and practitioners - interested in data analysis, classification, and information processing in the broad sense, including computer science, multimedia, WWW, knowledge discovery, and data mining as well as spe cial application areas such as (in alphabetical order) biology, finance, genome analysis, marketing, medicine, public health, and text analysis - had the op portunity to discuss recent developments and to establish cross-disciplinary cooperation in their fields of interest. Additionally, software and book pre sentations as well as several tutorial courses were organized. The scientific program of the conference included 18 plenary or semi plenary lectures and more than 100 presentations in special sections. The peer-reviewed papers are presented in 5 chapters as follows: • Data Analysis and Classification • Computer Science, Computational Statistics, and Data Mining • Management Science, Marketing, and Finance • Biology, Genome Analysis, and Medicine • Text Analysis and Information Retrieval As an unambiguous assignment of results to single chapters is sometimes difficult papers are grouped in a way that the editors found appropriate.
Our aim in writing this book has been to present for R&D Managers at all levels the type of quantitative methods that have been developed in recent years for the more efficient management of R&D. Hence, we have sought to write for anyone connected with the control of R&D - from the Directors responsible for the R&D effort of a large organization to the scientist in charge of one or two individual projects. Many of the techniques which we describe have appeared in recent years in the technical journals, often in a largely theoretical form. Few, however, have been made generally available in the management literature, and it has been our intention to fill this need. In doing this, we have concentrated on the tactical aspects of R&D Management - for example, project evaluation and research programme selection. To set these in context, we have also sought briefly to show how the R&D programme stems from the objectives of an organization as regards overall research strategy. We have thus dealt with quantitative management techniques that have seen practical application in R&D laboratories, and have described a number of actual applications to illustrate the method of use in practice. For the sake of simplicity, we have referred to Appendices all detailed mathematics, and other material not essential to an understanding of the main theme. We trust that the reader will discover something of use in these pages.
Professional nurses have long been identifying and interpreting clues related to the gathering of information from which such decisions could be consistently drawn. The organization, systematization, and clustering of such clues required an extensive search of what was meaningful to nurses in different clinical settings. The research staff who designed the project as a contract to fulfill some basic goals for collecting, disseminating and utilizing information data for patients' records, have spent 3 years refining an assessment tool with two major factors in mind. First, a guideline was needed to obtain the most accurate information possible about individual patients in the context of their families and the community. Second, an assessment tool was needed which was computer manageable in the sense that it could be adapted to an on-line system of computer input and retrieval which would supply significant information to multiple sources. Two major sets of assessment records have been developed from an exhaustive trial of forms in a variety of settings. Consultation has been obtained from resources country-wide to insure as broad a view as possible of the current efforts in the development of new record systems. Faculty, students and nursing service staff members in hospitals and community health agencies have participated in the trials of these forms in real situations.