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The current situation with regard to the use of high-performance composites is one of seeking a reliable means of characterizing the fundamental properties and/or behavior of composite materials. The employment of such materials in vi tal structural applications require criteria as part of the materials selection and design procedures. However, the principal limitation of the many currently available procedures, most of which were borrowed from the metal i"ndustry, is its intrinsic restriction to single phase materials. They cannot adequately ac count for the variations in the constituents or structure of the composite that can have a significant influence on its gross behavior. Although a considerable amount of research has been conducted in the past with the objective of under standing composite material behavior, for the most part, the research efforts tended to cover too wide a spectrum of problems with little penetration into the fundamental aspects. For this reason, the investigators in this field have long felt the need to bring together a small group of experts to review the fun damentals, discuss the problem areas, and display the current developments. The USA-USSR Sympo~~ on the f~ct~e 06 Compo~~e Mat~ was organized for this purpose. There is the additional need to share this information with the new comers to the field as well as the oldtimers. This is accomplished by publish ing the symposium proceedings contained in the present volume. A Russian trans lation of the papers in this volume will also be made available.
The Second USA-USSR Symposium on Fna~e 06 Compo~~e Mat~a£h took place at Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, during 9-12 March, 1981. This bilateral program between the U. S. and Soviet Union was organized by Professor George C. Sih of the Institute of Fracture and Solid Mechanics at Lehigh Uni versity and Dr. Vitauts P. Tamuzs of the Institute of Polymer Mechanics of the Academy of Sciences of the Latvian SSR in Riga. The First Symposium was held in 1978 at Jurmala near the coast of Riga Bay. The primary reasons for initiating this series of Symposia were to dissemi nate present knowledge, to promote interchange of ideas, and to stimulate addi tional studies on the development of composite materials between the U. S. and USSR. Both countries have a vested interest in developing the capability to assess and utilize the attractive mechanical properties of composites so that they can be tailor-made to meet specific design requirements. Despite the in creasing number of published papers and articles, there is no communication more effective than on a person-to-person basis. It is with this objective in mind that a small group of engineers and scientists from the U. S. and USSR have planned to meet every two years to report recent progress on composite material research. The size of this group is approximately sixty (60) participants. The presentation involves about forty (40) technical papers which are published in volume.
This volume is concerned with the structural and physical properties of important classes of composite and ceramic materials of engineering importance, covering synthesis of the materials by casting and solidification routes.
Advanced Mechanics of Composite Materials and Structures analyzes contemporary theoretical models at the micro- and macro levels of material structure. Its coverage of practical methods and approaches, experimental results, and optimization of composite material properties and structural component performance can be put to practical use by researchers and engineers. The fourth edition has been updated to reflect new manufacturing processes (such as 3D printing of two matrix composite structural elements) and new theories developed by the authors. The authors have expanded the content of advanced topic areas with new chapters on axisymmetric deformation of composite shells of revolution, composite pressure vessels, and anisogrid composite lattice structures. This revision includes enhanced sections on optimal design of laminated plates and additional examples of the finite element modelling of composite structures and numerical methods. Advanced Mechanics of Composite Materials and Structures, Fourth edition is unique in that it addresses a wide range of advanced problems in the mechanics of composite materials, such as the physical statistical aspects of fiber strength, stress diffusion in composites with damaged fibers, nonlinear elasticity, and composite pressure vessels to name a few. It also provides the foundation for traditional basic composite material mechanics, making it one of the most comprehensive references on this topic. - Presents advanced material on composite structures, including chapters on composite pressure vessels and axisymmetric deformation of composite shells of revolution - Provides the applications of composite materials to spacecraft, aircraft and marine included throughout - Practical examples of analysis and design of real composite structural components
Composite materials have been representing most significant breakthroughs in various industrial applications, particularly in aerospace structures, during the past thirty five years. The primary goal of Advanced Mechanics of Composite Materials is the combined presentation of advanced mechanics, manufacturing technology, and analysis of composite materials. This approach lets the engineer take into account the essential mechanical properties of the material itself and special features of practical implementation, including manufacturing technology, experimental results, and design characteristics. Giving complete coverage of the topic: from basics and fundamentals to the advanced analysis including practical design and engineering applications. At the same time including a detailed and comprehensive coverage of the contemporary theoretical models at the micro- and macro- levels of material structure, practical methods and approaches, experimental results, and optimisation of composite material properties and component performance. The authors present the results of more than 30 year practical experience in the field of design and analysis of composite materials and structures. * Eight chapters progressively covering all structural levels of composite materials from their components through elementary plies and layers to laminates* Detailed presentation of advanced mechanics of composite materials * Emphasis on nonlinear material models (elasticity, plasticity, creep) and structural nonlinearity
This book is concerned with the topical problems of mechanics of advanced composite materials whose mechanical properties are controlled by high-strength and high-stiffness continuous fibers embedded in polymeric, metal, or ceramic matrix. Although the idea of combining two or more components to produce materials with controlled properties has been known and used from time immemorial, modern composites were only developed several decades ago and have now found intensive application in different fields of engineering, particularly in aerospace structures for which high strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios are required. There already exist numerous publications that cover anisotropic elasticity, mechanics of composite materials, design, analysis, fabrication, and application of composite structures but the difference between this book and the existing ones is that this is of a more specific nature. It covers specific features of material behaviour such as nonlinear elasticity, plasticity, creep, and structural nonlinearity and discusses in detail the problems of material micro- and macro-mechanics that are only slightly touched in existing books, e.g. stress diffusion in a unidirectional material with broken fibers, physical and statistical aspects of fiber strength, coupling effects in anisotropic and laminated materials, etc. The authors are designers of composite structures who were involved in practically all the main Soviet and then Russian projects in composite technology, and the permission of the Russian Composite Center - Central Institute of Special Machinery (CRISM) to use in this book the pictures of structures developed and fabricated in CRISM as part of the joint research and design project is much appreciated. Mechanics and Analysis of Composite Materials consists of eight chapters progressively covering all structural levels of composite materials from their components through elementary plies and layers to laminates.
Advanced Mechanics of Composite Materials and Structural Elements analyzes contemporary theoretical models at the micro- and macro levels of material structure. Its coverage of practical methods and approaches, experimental results, and optimization of composite material properties and structural component performance can be put to practical use by researchers and engineers. The third edition of the book consists of twelve chapters progressively covering all structural levels of composite materials from their constituents through elementary plies and layers to laminates and laminated composite structural elements. All-new coverage of beams, plates and shells adds significant currency to researchers. Composite materials have been the basis of many significant breakthroughs in industrial applications, particularly in aerospace structures, over the past forty years. Their high strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios are the main material characteristics that attract the attention of the structural and design engineers. Advanced Mechanics of Composite Materials and Structural Elements helps ensure that researchers and engineers can continue to innovate in this vital field. - Detailed physical and mathematical coverage of complex mechanics and analysis required in actual applications – not just standard homogeneous isotropic materials - Environmental and manufacturing discussions enable practical implementation within manufacturing technology, experimental results, and design specifications - Discusses material behavior impacts in-depth such as nonlinear elasticity, plasticity, creep, structural nonlinearity enabling research and application of the special problems of material micro- and macro-mechanics