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The world has made remarkable progress in maintaining adequate food supplies during the past quarter century by introducing yield-increasing technologies such as better genetics, crop protection products, and more efficient use of fertilizers and irrigations. Far more people depend on irrigation in the modern world than during the times of ancient Sumeria. The spread of irrigation has been the key factor in increasing global crop yields. But future scarcity present the single biggest threat to future food production. The shift of water from agriculture to the growing cities and industry almost certainly will impact global food production. This means that dryland agriculture will be increasingly important in meeting food requirement for the growing population. Advaces in plant genetics and agronomic conservation technologies, when considered in concert, continue to provide the greatest opportunities to achieve sustainability and profitability in dryland agriculture and will continue to be the focus of the ARS research program. The ARS is please to join the crop Science Society of America and international center for Agriculture Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA) in sponsoring a symposium “Challenges and strategies for Dryland Agriculture” at the Trisocieties Annual Meeting in November 2002 at Indianapolis, IN. This special publication contains an impressive series of paper by international group of experts on dryland agricultural production, conservation, and policy. The principles, philosophies, and technologies presented in this publication have the potential to contribute to improve food security and livelihoods for the people in dryland regions of the world.
The "Rod-Kohi" system of agriculture based on water of the flash floods and using it for growing crops is a centuries old practice in the Piedmont regions of Southern NWFP and adjoining districts of Balochistan. This system of agriculture is the least known system in the country. There was little research ever carried out to ameliorate the lot of farmers who practice this unique system of agriculture. This symposium aims to review research data and exchange ideas among soils, hydrology, crops, livestock, forestry, socio-economic, farmers, extension and administration personnel, and to formulate action required to assist farmers using the Rod-Kohi system of production to improve productivity and their economic status. Papers are presented in the following sessions: (1) Soil and water resource management in the Rod-Kohi area, (2) Crops for Rod-Kohi agriculture, (3) Research and development in Rod-Kohi Agriculture, (4) Livestock/Forestry and extension in Rod-Kohi agriculture.