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The purpose of this document is to assist solid waste managers and key decision-makers in municipalities of low- and middle-income countries to decide whether to involve the private sector in solid waste services and, if so, how this should be done. The information in this book is not just theory; it is based on a wide range of case studies and extensive international experience.This Pack consists of five separate booklets: i) an Executive Overview, introducing the Pack, and directing the reader to more detailed discussions in the subsequent parts; ii) the main part, the Guidance Note, which contains the arguments for private sector participation, reviews the options, ex-plains the issues that must be considered, and suggests the steps leading to implementation of its recommendations. There are frequent references to experiences and lessons learned in Africa, Asia, and America; iii) the Tools - criteria, checklists, sample terms of reference and questionnaire forms, iv) a comprehensive Word List, and v) a CD with sample contracts and agreements for both collection and disposal operations, and other tools.
The private sector involvement in public service is intended to achieve efficiency gain and better service quality through increasing private sector finance and expertise. However, these benefits are most often not achieved in developing countries due to investment risk of private finance, and problems of capacity and regulation of the private sector. This book examines private sector involvement (PSI) in solid waste collection by exploring the influence of private sector capacity and Local Governments’ regulations on private sector performance in terms of productivity and service quality. PSI in public service provision evolved to deal with market and government failures, so this study uses market and regulatory theories to explore the gaps in policy and practice of PSI and the factor explaining private sector performance in five cities in Ghana. The study shows there were weak regulatory practices and non-adherence to contractual obligations (unsigned contracts and delayed payment of subsidy), and consequently led to disincentives for full cost recovery and better service quality. However, there is now a gradual well functioning system being put in place with the recent competitive bidding in two cities with signing of contracts and city-wide user charging. This study concludes that the solutions to the problem of solid waste collection and management in developing countries hinge on adherence to formal rules of regulation, use of appropriate cost recovery mechanism for low income group, and restructuring of institutional arrangement to enforce legislation.
Designed for managers, engineers and administrators who have some responsiblity for municipal solid waste management, and who are looking for ways to improve the service or economise. The book draws extensively on experiences from Latin America, South-east Asia and Africa, and is highly relevant to middle- and lower- income countries.
Solid Waste Management (SWM) is a matter of great concern in the urban areas of developing countries. The municipal authorities who are responsible for managing municipal solid waste are unable to discharge their obligations effectively because they lack the in-house capacity to handle the complexities of the process. It is heartening to see that the World Bank has prepared this book covering all important aspects of municipal SWM in great depth. The book covers very lucidly the present scenario of SWM in urban areas, the system deficiencies that exist, and the steps that need to be taken to correct SWM practices in compliance with Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2000 ratified by the Government of India. The book shares examples of best practices adopted in various parts of the country and abroad, and very appropriately covers the institutional, financial, social, and legal aspects of solid waste management, which are essential for sustainability of the system. It provides a good insight on how to involve the community, nongovernmental organizations, and the private sector to help improve the efficiency and cost effectiveness of the service, and shows how contracting mechanisms can be used to involve the private sector in SWM services. This book will be a very useful tool for city managers and various stakeholders who deal with municipal solid waste management in the design and execution of appropriate and cost-effective systems.
Solid waste management issues, technologies and challenges are dynamic. More so, in developing and transitory nations in Asia. This book, written by Asian experts in solid waste management, explores the current situation in Asian countries including Pacific Islands. There are not many technical books of this kind, especially dedicated to this region of the world. The chapters form a comprehensive, coherent investigation in municipal solid waste (MSW) management, including, definitions used, generation, sustainable waste management system, legal framework and impacts on global warming. Several case studies from Asian nations are included to exemplify the real situation experienced. Discussions on MSW policy in these countries and their impacts on waste management and minimization (if any) are indeed an eye-opener. Undoubtedly, this book would be a pioneer in revealing the latest situation in the Asian region, which includes two of the world’s most dynamic nations in the economic growth. It is greatly envisaged to form an excellent source of reference in MSW management in Asia and Pacific Islands. This book will bridge the wide gap in available information between the developed and transitory/developing nations.
Managing solid waste is one of the major challenges in urbanization. A survey conducted in all 58 municipalities of Nepal in 2012 found that the average municipal solid waste generation was 317 grams per capita per day. This translates into 1,435 tons per day or 524,000 tons per year of municipal solid waste generation in Nepal. Many of these technically and financially constrained municipalities are still practicing roadside waste pickup from open piles and open dumping, creating major health risks.
One of the most discernible outcome of the increasing pace of urbanisation, along with the rise in the spate of consumerism in the post-liberalised economic environment has been the dramatic rise in municipal solid waste generation across the urban centres world over and more so in the developing countries. So enormous has been the challenge of managing the same along with the issue of providing efficient service of garbage collection at household and city level that the municipalities since the mid nineties started turning to the private sector. The move was largely fuelled by the international institutions such as the World Bank and other organisations which demonstrated the higher capabilities of the private sector in providing services and managing waste much more efficiently then the Local Governments. Resultantly many developing countries including India turned to privatization as a panacea for their solid waste management woes. However while private sector participation in municipal solid waste management services across Indian cities have being adopted, there is an acute lack of empirical evidence and research assessing its implications from a sustainability perspective.Set against a milieu of solemn concerns emanating from inadequate municipal solid waste management on one side and the impetus given to private sector participation, this research critically examines and generates empirical evidence on the performance and implications of private sector participation in municipal solid waste management through the lens of a sustainability assessment prism specifically constructed for this purpose. In order to get to the depth of performance analysis, the research employs a single case study research design using the city of Amritsar as the case for application of the sustainability assessment framework. With robust evidence emerging from the four-cornered sustainability prism i.e. social, economic, environmental and institutional, the study offers valuable insights for retrospection and course correction in Indian cities and other similar contexts. More over one of the main contributions emerging from the research is the development of a sustainability assessment framework for evaluating privatized operations in waste management context. Thus the same can be used by Researchers and Governments across developing countries in particular to evaluate and assess privatized municipal solid waste management and apply the yardsticks of measurement across the social, economic, environmental and institutional dimensions of sustainability underlying such operations. The same would be immensely useful in informing Governmental policies in decision making related to improvising the operations, replicating the privatization models or replacing them with better options as the case may be.