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This volume in the celebrated Critical Introductions to Geography series introduces readers to the vibrant discipline of economic geography. The authors provide an original definition of the discipline, and they make a strong case for its vital importance in understanding the dynamic interconnections, movements, and emerging trends shaping our globalized world. Economic Geography addresses the key theories and methods that form the basis of the discipline, and describes its “communities of practice” and relations to related fields including economics and sociology. Numerous illustrative examples explore how economic geographers examine the world and how and why the discipline takes the forms it does, demonstrating the critical value of economic geography to making sense of globalization, uneven development, money and finance, urbanization, environmental change, and industrial and technological transformation. Engaging and thought-provoking, Economic Geography: A Critical Introduction is the ideal resource for students studying across a range of subject areas, as well as the general reader with an interest in world affairs and economics.
Rising densities of human settlements, migration and transport to reduce distances to market, and specialization and trade facilitated by fewer international divisions are central to economic development. The transformations along these three dimensions density, distance, and division are most noticeable in North America, Western Europe, and Japan, but countries in Asia and Eastern Europe are changing in ways similar in scope and speed. 'World Development Report 2009: Reshaping Economic Geography' concludes that these spatial transformations are essential, and should be encouraged. The conclusion is not without controversy. Slum-dwellers now number a billion, but the rush to cities continues. Globalization is believed to benefit many, but not the billion people living in lagging areas of developing nations. High poverty and mortality persist among the world's 'bottom billion', while others grow wealthier and live longer lives. Concern for these three billion often comes with the prescription that growth must be made spatially balanced. The WDR has a different message: economic growth is seldom balanced, and efforts to spread it out prematurely will jeopardize progress. The Report: documents how production becomes more concentrated spatially as economies grow. proposes economic integration as the principle for promoting successful spatial transformations. revisits the debates on urbanization, territorial development, and regional integration and shows how today's developers can reshape economic geography.
This book is designed to provide an analytical approach to transport economics with reference to the development of both national and EU transport policy.
This is the very first book to explicitly both detail the core general principles of institutional and evolutionary political economy and also apply the principles to current world problems such as the coronavirus crisis, climate change, corruption, AI-Robotics, policy-governance, money and financial instability, terrorism, AIDS-HIV and the nurturance gap. No other book has ever detailed explicitly such core principles and concepts nor ever applied them explicitly to numerous current major problems. The core general principles and concepts in this book, which are outlined and detailed include historical specificity & evolution; hegemony & uneven development; circular & cumulative causation; heterogeneous groups & agents; contradiction & creative destruction; uncertainty; innovation; and policy & governance. This book details the nature of how these principles and concepts can be used to explain current critical issues and problems throughout the world. This book includes updated chapters that have won two journal research Article of the Year Awards on climate change (one from the European Association for Evolutionary Political Economy, EAEPE); as well as a Presidential address to the Association for Evolutionary Economics (AFEE) on corruption. The structure of the book starts with two chapters on the principles of institutional and evolutionary political economy: firstly their history, and secondly a chapter on the contemporary nature of the principles and concepts. This is followed by nine chapters applying some of the core principles to current world problems such as the coronacrisis, climate change, corruption, AI-robotics, policy, money & financial instability, terrorism, HIV-AIDS and the nurturance gap. The book finishes with a conclusion, a glossary of major terms and an index. The author’s principles are well established in the literature and this book provides a detailed exposition of them and their application.
The turbulence of the current times has dramatically transformed the world’s economic geographies. The scale and scope of such changes require urgent attention. With intellectual roots dating to the nineteenth century, economic geography has traditionally sought to examine the spatial distributions of economic activity and the principles that account for them. More recently, the field has turned its attention to a range of questions relating to: globalization and its impact on different peoples and places; economic inequalities at different geographic scales; the development of the knowledge-based economy; and the relationship between economy and environment. Now, more than ever, the changing fortunes of peoples and places demands our attention. Economic Geography provides a stimulating and innovative introduction to economic geography by establishing the substantive concerns of economic geographers, the methods deployed to study them, the key concepts and theories that animate the field, and the major issues generating debate. This book is the first to address the diverse approaches to economic geography as well as the constantly shifting economic geographies on the ground. It encompasses traditional approaches, albeit from a critical perspective, while providing a thorough, accessible and engaging examination of the concerns, methods and approaches of the ‘new economic geography’. This unique introductory text covers the breadth of economic geography while engaging with a range of contemporary debates at the cutting-edge of the field. Written in an accessible and lucid style, this book offers a thorough and systematic introductory survey. It is enhanced by pedagogical features throughout including case studies dealing with topics ranging from the head office locations of the Fortune 500, Mexico’s maquiladoras to China’s investments in Southern Africa. This book also contains exercises based on the key concepts and annotated further reading and websites.
"A comprehensive and highly readable review of the conceptual underpinnings of economic geography. Students and professional scholars alike will find it extremely useful both as a reference manual and as an authoritative guide to the numerous theoretical debates that characterize the field." - Allen J. Scott, University of California "Guides readers skilfully through the rapidly changing field of economic geography... The key concepts used to structure this narrative range from key actors and processes within global economic change to a discussion of newer areas of research including work on financialisation and consumption. The result is a highly readable synthesis of contemporary debates within economic geography that is also sensitive to the history of the sub-discipline." - Sarah Hall, University of Nottingham "The nice thing about this text is that it is concise but with depth in its coverage. A must have for any library, and a useful desk reference for any serious student of economic geography or political economy." - Adam Dixon, Bristol University Organized around 20 short essays, Key Concepts in Economic Geography provides a cutting edge introduction to the central concepts that define contemporary research in economic geography. Involving detailed and expansive discussions, the book includes: An introductory chapter providing a succinct overview of the recent developments in the field. Over 20 key concept entries with comprehensive explanations, definitions and evolutions of the subject. Extensive pedagogic features that enhance understanding including figures, diagrams and further reading. An ideal companion text for upper-level undergraduate and postgraduate students in economic geography, the book presents the key concepts in the discipline, demonstrating their historical roots and contemporary applications to fully understand the processes of economic change, regional growth and decline, globalization, and the changing locations of firms and industries. Written by an internationally recognized set of authors, the book is an essential addition to any geography student′s library.
This book gives a comprehensive overview of all relevant elements in topography and their practical application. It elaborates on the classical representation of terrain on maps such as cartographic projections, together with their classification, scale, and geographical elements. It is richly illustrated with photographs, maps and figures, in which the theoretical explanations are clarified. Readers will become acquainted with the physical characteristics of the ground, i.e. tectonic and erosive shapes, the importance and classification of terrain, genetic (fluvial, abrasive, glacial, karst) and topographic types such as higher (mountains, hills, peaks) and lower terrain (valleys, fields). In addition, the book discusses cartometry and coordinate systems, orientation in space (geographic, topographic, tactical) including by means of maps, instruments and the night sky and elaborates new techniques and technologies such as aerial photogrammetric imagery, global navigation satellite systems and LiDAR. The book also includes methods for the practical execution of concrete measurement operations, such as determining position and movement on land with maps, compass and azimuth which makes it especially useful for practitioners and professionals, e.g., for landscape planning, military exercises, mountaineering, nature walks etc. As such it offers a valuable guide not only for undergraduate students but also for researchers in the fields of geography, geosciences, geodesy, ecology, forestry and related areas looking for an overview on topography. Uniquely, the book also features an extensive glossary of topographical terms.
"As a young man, my fondest dream was to become a geographer. However, while working at the customs office, I thought deeply about the matter and concluded it was far too difficult a subject. I then turned to Physics as a substitute." Albert Einstein, great scientist is reported to have said in despair about Geography. The present series aptly titled “Geography Made Simple” is our humble attempt at removing fear of Geography subject from minds of students by presenting books that are written in lucid, simple and easy-to-understand language. The present eBook in full colours caters to needs of students of as diverse a field as Economic Geography, International Trade, Management, Economics, Political Economy, Commerce, Industrial Geography, Regional planning and development, International Business Management, Foreign Trade, International Finance, Trade and Transport Geography, etc. This evergreen book has stood the test of time since its first edition was published in October, 2002. This book is recommended as a reference-book by Geography teachers and used as a text-book by undergrads and postgraduate students even today. This second edition carries a 'Preface' by Jaiprakash Jadhav, Head of Geography Department, Dr. D. Y. Patil Arts, Commerce & Science College, Pimpri in Pune, India. Praise for Geography, Economics & Economic Geography “Hello, Parmar! Thanks for introducing the book of Economic Geography. I got it from my friend. I am modern college student of MA. I am Ram Shripati Payal.”-Ram Shripati Payal, student of Modern College, Pune “Hi there! I just clicked on the website where your book will appear next month. I will try to do it next month…as I’m teaching Economic Geography in the fall at CWU. I haven’t used a text in a couple of years because I didn’t like any on the market. Thanks for your help!”-Ms Nancy, Central Washington University Jaiprakash Jadhav, Head of Geography Department, Dr. D. Y. Patil Arts, Commerce & Science College, Pimpri had presented in 2003 a few hardcopies of this eBook to the members of national accreditation agency, the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) as the evidence of high quality of education at the College. He later personally acknowledged before Sher Singh Parmar that outstanding quality of his book made NAAC give a higher credible rating to Geography Department, Dr. D. Y. Patil Arts, Commerce & Science College. Noteworthy Features Possibly until the publication of the second edition of the book “Geography, Economics and Economic Geography” by Sher Singh Parmar in October, 2003, the Indian intelligentsia, Indian and the world mass media had not attributed the liberalization of the Indian economy to the Balance-of-Payment Crisis that India had faced in the year 1991. It was possibly for the first time in the world that this second edition by Sher Singh Parmar correctly pointed out, described and explained the balance-of-payment crisis faced by the Indian government in 1991 to be the main cause that had forced India into adopting the liberalization-mode for the Indian economy. The book contains for the first time many of the Economic terms/jargons that have been rephrased/paraphrased/elaborated/redefined/repurposed to make these Economic terms inclusive, better and more understandable. For example, see following definition of the term Trade included in this e-book: "10.2 BASIC CONCEPTS 1. TRADE: Exchange of goods, services or information." The definition of TRADE given above by Sher Singh Parmar is more inclusive than the following definition of TRADE that had been given until then in numerous Standard Texts/Books on subject of Economics: "TRADE: Exchange of goods" The book introduces altogether new fresh concepts called idealised perfectly balanced pentagonal model and realistic isostasically balanced amorphous model to understand economic landscapes. Author applies these two economic models to real life situations past and present to successfully build his thesis that "...even a slight imbalance in economic landscapes at any level is sufficient enough to engineer political and other problems. World peace may be achieved if the whole globe is developed into a perfectly balanced economic landscape." He brings in new insight to understand and appreciate dignity of labour in light of these new concepts. This new conceptual framework introduced by author definitely helps us understand and resolve present day problems in much better and peaceful ways. The book introduces new concepts of Economic Liberalization Model, Four Stages of Globalization model, and Tricellular LPG model. These models give us fresh incisive insight into vexing issues of Globalization, Liberalization, and Privatisation. Worth mentioning also is author's creative description, elaboration, and explanation of factors of international trade and business.