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Founded on the paradox that all things are poisons and the difference between poison and remedy is quantity, the determination of safe dosage forms the base and focus of modern toxicology. In order to make a sound determination there must be a working knowledge of the biologic mechanisms involved and of the methods employed to define these mechanisms. While the vastness of the field and the rapid accumulation of data may preclude the possibility of absorbing and retaining more than a fraction of the available information, a solid understanding of the underlying principles is essential. Extensively revised and updated with four new chapters and an expanded glossary, this fifth edition of the classic text, Principles and Methods of Toxicology provides comprehensive coverage in a manageable and accessible format. New topics include 'toxicopanomics', plant and animal poisons, information resources, and non-animal testing alternatives. Emphasizing the cornerstones of toxicology-people differ, dose matters, and things change, the book begins with a review of the history of toxicology and followed by an explanation of basic toxicological principles, agents that cause toxicity, target organ toxicity, and toxicological testing methods including many of the test protocols required to meet regulatory needs worldwide. The book examines each method or procedure from the standpoint of technique and interpretation of data and discusses problems and pitfalls that may be associated with each. The addition of several new authors allow for a broader and more diverse treatment of the ever-changing and expanding field of toxicology. Maintaining the high-quality information and organizational framework that made the previous editions so successful, Principles and Methods of Toxicology, Fifth Edition continues to be a valuable resource for the advanced practitioner as well as the new disciple of toxicology.
The Code of Federal Regulations is the codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the executive departments and agencies of the Federal Government.
Hayes’ Principles and Methods of Toxicology has long been established as a reliable and informative reference for the concepts, methodologies, and assessments integral to toxicology. The new edition contains updated and new chapters with the addition of new authors while maintaining the same high standards that have made this book a benchmark resource in the field. Key Features: The comprehensive yet concise coverage of various aspects of fundamental and applied toxicology makes this book a valuable resource for educators, students, and professionals. Questions provided at the end of each chapter allow readers to test their knowledge and understanding of the material covered. All chapters have been updated and over 60 new authors have been added to reflect the dynamic nature of toxicological sciences New topics in this edition include Safety Assessment of Cosmetics and Personal Care Products, The Importance of the Dose/Rate Response, Novel Approaches and Alternative Models, Epigenetic Toxicology, and an Expanded Glossary. The volume is divided into 4 major sections, addressing fundamental principles of toxicology (Section I. "Principles of Toxicology"), major classes of established chemical hazards (Section II. "Agents"), current methods used for the assessment of various endpoints indicative of chemical toxicity (Section III. "Methods"), as well as toxicology of specific target systems and organs (Section IV. "Organ- and System-Specific Toxicology"). This volume will be a valuable tool for the audience that wishes to broaden their understanding of hazards and mechanisms of toxicity and to stay on top of the emerging methods and concepts of the rapidly advancing field of toxicology and risk assessment.
The International Life Sciences Institute (!LSI) is a scientific foundation that addresses critical health and safety issues of national and international con cern. ILSI promotes international cooperation by providing the mechanism for scientists from government, industry, and universities to work together on cooperative programs to generate and disseminate scientific data. The mem bers and trustees of the institute believe that questions regarding health and safety are best resolved when scientists can examine and discuss issues as an independent body separate from the political pressures of individual countries and the economic concerns of individual companies. Frequently, meaningful assessment of the risk of a test substance is hindered by the inherent inconsistencies in the system. The development and refine ment of methods and systems to evaluate the safety of chemicals have evolved in a rapid and largely unplanned fashion. Attempts to improve the system have mainly been directed toward broad general concerns, with little attention being given to specific problems or issues. A failure to resolve these problems has frequently resulted in increased testing costs and complications in the assessment and extrapolation of the results to humans. Publicity surrounding toxicologic issues makes it difficult for governments to deal effectively with these problems. In response to these difficulties, ILSI has assembled highly qualified and renowned scientists from research institutes, universities, government, and industry with relevant scientific knowledge and expertise regarding the issues that complicate risk assessment procedures.
Health Risk Assessment is a comprehensive reference focusing on dermal absorption, cholinesterase inhibition, adverse reproductive effects, and carcinogenicity. The book features contributions from over 40 top scientists and covers topics such as PBPK modeling, cytochrome P-450 metabolism in skin, percutaneous absorption, adverse effects, new skin models, and the role of epidemiology in assessing the hazards of toxicants. Health Risk Assessment is essential for toxicologists, environmental chemists, pharmacologists, risk assessors, and managers working in industrial, pesticide, and pharmaceutical development. The book will also benefit individuals in environmental, regulatory, and registration affairs, as well as academicians and students.
Developmental toxicology, an increasingly important area, encompasses the study of toxicant effects on development, from conception through puberty. The Handbook of Developmental Toxicology provides useful insights gained from hands-on experience, as well as a theoretical foundation. In this convenient reference you will find information not previously gathered in one source-including comparative developmental milestones, historical data, and a glossary of terms used in developmental toxicity evaluation. This handbook is a practical guide for individuals who are responsible for testing chemical agents and for regulatory scientists who must evaluate studies, interpret data, and perform risk assessments. Packed with features, the Handbook of Developmental Toxicology is ideal for training students and technicians in developmental toxicology.
This study relates to the analysis, via dermal application, of the health hazard of solid or liquid test substance. This method is composed of two tests: the main test and the limit test. This Test Guideline is intended for use with the adult rat ...