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Communication research is evolving and changing in a world of online journals, open-access, and new ways of obtaining data and conducting experiments via the Internet. Although there are generic encyclopedias describing basic social science research methodologies in general, until now there has been no comprehensive A-to-Z reference work exploring methods specific to communication and media studies. Our entries, authored by key figures in the field, focus on special considerations when applied specifically to communication research, accompanied by engaging examples from the literature of communication, journalism, and media studies. Entries cover every step of the research process, from the creative development of research topics and questions to literature reviews, selection of best methods (whether quantitative, qualitative, or mixed) for analyzing research results and publishing research findings, whether in traditional media or via new media outlets. In addition to expected entries covering the basics of theories and methods traditionally used in communication research, other entries discuss important trends influencing the future of that research, including contemporary practical issues students will face in communication professions, the influences of globalization on research, use of new recording technologies in fieldwork, and the challenges and opportunities related to studying online multi-media environments. Email, texting, cellphone video, and blogging are shown not only as topics of research but also as means of collecting and analyzing data. Still other entries delve into considerations of accountability, copyright, confidentiality, data ownership and security, privacy, and other aspects of conducting an ethical research program. Features: 652 signed entries are contained in an authoritative work spanning four volumes available in choice of electronic or print formats. Although organized A-to-Z, front matter includes a Reader’s Guide grouping entries thematically to help students interested in a specific aspect of communication research to more easily locate directly related entries. Back matter includes a Chronology of the development of the field of communication research; a Resource Guide to classic books, journals, and associations; a Glossary introducing the terminology of the field; and a detailed Index. Entries conclude with References/Further Readings and Cross-References to related entries to guide students further in their research journeys. The Index, Reader’s Guide themes, and Cross-References combine to provide robust search-and-browse in the e-version.
Balancing simplicity with technical rigour, this practical guide to the statistical techniques essential to research in marketing and related fields, describes each method as well as showing how they are applied. The book is accompanied by two real data sets to replicate examples and with exercises to solve, as well as detailed guidance on the use of appropriate software including: - 750 powerpoint slides with lecture notes and step-by-step guides to run analyses in SPSS (also includes screenshots) - 136 multiple choice questions for tests This is augmented by in-depth discussion of topics including: - Sampling - Data management and statistical packages - Hypothesis testing - Cluster analysis - Structural equation modelling
This book is designed to introduce a basic range of research skills relevant to primary care.
"Comprising more than 500 entries, the Encyclopedia of Research Design explains how to make decisions about research design, undertake research projects in an ethical manner, interpret and draw valid inferences from data, and evaluate experiment design strategies and results. Two additional features carry this encyclopedia far above other works in the field: bibliographic entries devoted to significant articles in the history of research design and reviews of contemporary tools, such as software and statistical procedures, used to analyze results. It covers the spectrum of research design strategies, from material presented in introductory classes to topics necessary in graduate research; it addresses cross- and multidisciplinary research needs, with many examples drawn from the social and behavioral sciences, neurosciences, and biomedical and life sciences; it provides summaries of advantages and disadvantages of often-used strategies; and it uses hundreds of sample tables, figures, and equations based on real-life cases."--Publisher's description.
This text covers all the aspiring or busy teacher needs to know about the basic methods of primary teaching and provides more besides. There are sectioins on basic principles, organization, planning, working with children, teaching strategies, methods, resources, assessment and working with others. Individual topics range from being gender aware, to lesson planning, giving explanations, managing large classes, using the school compound and keeping records. All contain pratical suggestions. Student teachers in training and newly qualified or unqualified teachers should find them helpful. Experienced primary teachers should also find the book a resource to improve their professional practice, either working on their own, or in groups for in-service training.
Extrusion techniques and processes developed at the experimental extrusion facility were used to provide wrought materials for other contractors AND GOVERNMENT AGENCIES. These techniques and processes helped to expedite alloy development programs in refractory metals. Improved lubrication techniques using Corning 7900 glass mixtures were developed for extruding refractory metals at 4000 F. The suitability of Zr oxide ceramic coated steel dies for extrusion at 4000 F was confirmed. Improved extrusion techniques give reproducible, good quality, round and rectangular bar extrusions at temperatures up to 4000 F and reduction ratios of 9.5 to 1. (Author)
To the uninformed, surveys appear to be an easy type of research to design and conduct, but when students and professionals delve deeper, they encounter the vast complexities that the range and practice of survey methods present. To complicate matters, technology has rapidly affected the way surveys can be conducted; today, surveys are conducted via cell phone, the Internet, email, interactive voice response, and other technology-based modes. Thus, students, researchers, and professionals need both a comprehensive understanding of these complexities and a revised set of tools to meet the challenges. In conjunction with top survey researchers around the world and with Nielsen Media Research serving as the corporate sponsor, the Encyclopedia of Survey Research Methods presents state-of-the-art information and methodological examples from the field of survey research. Although there are other "how-to" guides and references texts on survey research, none is as comprehensive as this Encyclopedia, and none presents the material in such a focused and approachable manner. With more than 600 entries, this resource uses a Total Survey Error perspective that considers all aspects of possible survey error from a cost-benefit standpoint. Key Features Covers all major facets of survey research methodology, from selecting the sample design and the sampling frame, designing and pretesting the questionnaire, data collection, and data coding, to the thorny issues surrounding diminishing response rates, confidentiality, privacy, informed consent and other ethical issues, data weighting, and data analyses Presents a Reader′s Guide to organize entries around themes or specific topics and easily guide users to areas of interest Offers cross-referenced terms, a brief listing of Further Readings, and stable Web site URLs following most entries The Encyclopedia of Survey Research Methods is specifically written to appeal to beginning, intermediate, and advanced students, practitioners, researchers, consultants, and consumers of survey-based information.
This book increases understanding of, and provides inspiration for, the conduct of research in primary/elementary education. It discusses and evaluates the selection and development of research methods used for their own innovatory projects. They explore the relationship between their choice of research methods, the frameworks for analysis used and research findings. In so doing they address the topical and controversial issues posed by these methods and alternative data-gathering techniques. These include: the case for the use of random-controlled trials to inform policy-making and improve classroom practice the role of mixed methods to investigate the social aspects of inclusion children as researchers researching their peers the relationship between research and teacher development an analysis of the portrayal of teachers and education in the regional and national news the contribution of qualitative research in cross-national projects. In research on teaching and learning in primary schools, accessing the views and experiences of children is crucial. Consequently, the possibilities and limitations of data collection techniques for collecting the views of children are central and concerns about validity and ethics posed by the power relationships between researchers and research participants are examined. This book was based on a special issue of Educational 3-13 International Journal of Primary, Elementary and Early Years Education.