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Negotiation lies at the core of preventive diplomacy. This study is unusual in approaching preventive diplomacy by issue areas: it looks at the way in which preventive negotiation has been practiced, notes its characteristics, and then suggests how lessons can be transferred from one area to another, but only when particular conditions warrant such a transfer. The distinguished contributing authors treat eleven issues: boundary problems, territorial claims, ethnic conflict, divided states, state disintegration, cooperative disputes, trade wars, transboundary environmental disputes, global natural disasters, global security conflicts, and labor disputes. The editor's conclusion draws out general themes about the nature of preventive diplomacy.
Powerful nations have often assumed a leadership role in international relations by becoming involved in ethnic conflict arising within small states. Recently however, their willingness to do so, at least unilaterally, has diminished. This study focuses on why and how powerful nations have acted together to dampen or forestall the expansion of small state conflicts while limiting potential risks to themselves. Employing a case-study method, Barry H. Steiner distinguishes between two types of collective preventive diplomacy, the insulationist and the interventionist. In the former, powerful nations are motivated to contain small power conflict in order to preserve their relations with other powerful nations. In the latter, they act to settle conflict between the small power antagonists themselves.
The basic logic of preventive diplomacy is unassailable. Act early to prevent disputes from escalating; reduce tensions that could lead to war; deal with today's conflicts before they become tomorrow's crises. Yet as we look at the record of these first years of the post-Cold War era, it is quite mixed. There have been some preventive diplomacy successes and opportunities that have been seized by major powers and international organizations to help preserve and protect the peace. But there also have been other opportunities that have been missed, with some of the century's most deadly conflicts the result. This study examines ten major post-Cold War cases including Croatia-Bosnia, Rwanda, the Baltics, Russia-Ukraine, Macedonia, and North Korea_to assess the key factors contributing to both the success and failure of preventive diplomacy. The method of case study analysis employed is based on the work of Alexander L. George. Authors include both leading academics and prominent policy officials with first-hand knowledge.
The wave of ethnic conflict that has recently swept across parts of Eastern Europe, the former Soviet Union, and Africa has led many political observers to fear that these conflicts are contagious. Initial outbreaks in such places as Bosnia, Chechnya, and Rwanda, if not contained, appear capable of setting off epidemics of catastrophic proportions. In this volume, David Lake and Donald Rothchild have organized an ambitious, sophisticated exploration of both the origins and spread of ethnic conflict, one that will be useful to policymakers and theorists alike. The editors and contributors argue that ethnic conflict is not caused directly by intergroup differences or centuries-old feuds and that the collapse of the Soviet Union did not simply uncork ethnic passions long suppressed. They look instead at how anxieties over security, competition for resources, breakdown in communication with the government, and the inability to make enduring commitments lead ethnic groups into conflict, and they consider the strategic interactions that underlie ethnic conflict and its effective management. How, why, and when do ethnic conflicts either diffuse by precipitating similar conflicts elsewhere or escalate by bringing in outside parties? How can such transnational ethnic conflicts best be managed? Following an introduction by the editors, which lays a strong theoretical foundation for approaching these questions, Timur Kuran, Stuart Hill, Donald Rothchild, Colin Cameron, Will H. Moore, and David R. Davis examine the diffusion of ideas across national borders and ethnic alliances. Without disputing that conflict can spread, James D. Fearon, Stephen M. Saideman, Sandra Halperin, and Paula Garb argue that ethnic conflict today is primarily a local phenomenon and that it is breaking out in many places simultaneously for similar but largely independent reasons. Stephen D. Krasner, Daniel T. Froats, Cynthia S. Kaplan, Edmond J. Keller, Bruce W. Jentleson, and I. William Zartman focus on the management of transnational ethnic conflicts and emphasize the importance of domestic confidence-building measures, international intervention, and preventive diplomacy.
Lund, an international relations consultant, defines early warning and preventive diplomacy, looking at which methods work and why, who uses them, and recent preventive efforts, and suggests how multilateral and national entities including the US government can overcome operational challenges to effective preventive action. He outlines a more systematic, global preventive regime that draws on the strengths of individual states, the UN, regional organizations, and NGOs. For students and scholars of international relations. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Contributors in public policy, politics, international affairs, development, conflict management, and peace studies discuss the practical challenges of conflict prevention within the UN system, considering the causes and dynamics of war, tools being developed to predict the eruption of conflict, and what is being done to move from reaction to prevention of conflict. They touch on areas such as measuring the societal impact of war, a systems approach to mitigating violent conflict, and electoral assistance and democratization. Hampson teaches international affairs at Carleton University, Canada. Malone is president of the International Peace Academy. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
"In the wake of the cold war, the likelihood of large-scale wars between major powers significantly decreased, but the international community faced a sudden increase in regional conflicts. Smaller-scale regional and ethnic conflicts of the type seen in Somalia, Rwanda, Bosnia, and Kosovo began to proliferate, presenting a new challenge to strategists and policymakers around the world. Today, the need to strengthen peacekeeping mechanisms and to prevent and resolve conflicts is a major item on the international agenda." "In this volume, five Japanese international relations experts address the question of how the international community can best prevent and respond to such conflicts. Their chapters examine such themes as UN reform for the enhancement of preventive diplomacy capabilities; post-conflict peacebuilding; the principle of self-determination and ethnic conflict; the impact of forced displacement of populations on conflict prevention efforts; reconceptualizing security communities and power sharing to prevent conflict; and the connection between human rights, democratization, and preventive diplomacy. By analyzing the international community's responses to conflicts in such locations as the African Great Lakes region, the Balkans, Myanmar, and Cambodia, the authors draw lessons for managing regional conflict through preventive diplomacy."--Back cover.
The suppression of war has been the primary objective of the United Nations for almost fifty years, and stopping a war before it starts is easier than ending a war already underway. History, however, has shown that military interventions and economic sanctions often do more harm than good. In Preventive Diplomacy, Nobel prize winners, top officials, and revered thinkers tackle these issues and explore the process of conflict prevention from humanitarian, economic, and political perspectives. This cross-disciplinary reader on global politics demonstrates that when new insights and methodologies on public health are applied to the handling of international disasters, the change in policy perspective is intriguing--even hopeful.
In this book, David Carment and Patrick James explore the intractable problem of pervasive ethnic struggle - the defining characteristic of international relations after the Cold War. Peace in the Midst of Wars provides a context for studying potentially violent ethnic conflicts and existing mechanisms to deal with them; evaluates regional and international instruments for conflict prevention; and suggests measures for improving peacekeeping and conflict prevention policies. The goal of this book is threefold. First, it identifies the domestic and international conditions that often lead to violent ethnic strife. Second, it offers preventive strategies that third parties can employ to reduce tensions. Finally, it takes on what is perhaps the most challenging task: finding ways to make peacekeeping operations more likely to succeed.