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(Continuação) instituições ou de modo insatisfatório quando o aluno não é incentivado a melhorar seu rendimento.
Este livro constitui-se numa sólida contribuição para a sociologia da educação no Brasil. Medir a influência da família sobre o desempenho escolar das crianças, utilizando, de modo inovador, modelos quantitativos, consistiu apenas na primeira etapa do trabalho aqui apresentado, o qual se destaca no cenário das pesquisas nacionais sobre o tema das relações família-escola em vários pontos. Além das dimensões e diversificação da amostra, não se conhecem, no Brasil, estudos que tenham relacionado as práticas e as dinâmicas internas das famílias à proficiência do aluno obtida em testes padronizados. Tal etapa foi seguida da busca dos mecanismos finos por meio dos quais pode ser mensurado o impacto da vida doméstica no aprendizado dos estudantes. Isso exigia uma investigação qualitativa como a realizada no segundo projeto. Os diferentes capítulos de ambas as partes do livro apresentam conclusões que devem influenciar o desenho de instrumentos de pesquisas futuras, mas principalmente lançar um olhar mais detalhado para o muito que uma ação junto com as famílias pode fazer a fim de melhorar nossos resultados educacionais. Nesse sentido, os textos aqui reunidos trazem informações inéditas e importantes para subsidiaras escolhas que precisam ser feitas para a definição de políticas públicas de educação.
Investiga a validade da abordagem do "handicap socio-cultural", segundo a qual o fracasso escolar dos alunos provenientes das camadas populares e atribuido ao desinteresse da familia pela educacao e rendimento das criancas na escola. Analisa a educacao familiar de criancas dessas camadas atraves da pesquisa das representacoes de um grupo de pais e maes, moradores da periferia urbana (Ibirite - MG), que se organiza e cria uma creche no bairro onde moram. Acompanha a trajetoria do movimento e, posteriormente, realiza entrevistas com essas mulheres e seus maridos (15 sujeitos no total), a fim de conhecer o relacionamento deles com seus filhos e suas expectativas quanto a criacao dos mesmos. Conclui que os sujeitos pesquisadores apresentam uma concepcao idealizada de educacao fortemente influenciada pelos valore e modos de vida urbana, que fica evidente nos eu envolvimento com a criacao e funcionamento da creche e em suas praticas discursivas. O discurso do desenteresse desses pais pela educacao dos filhos e pelo seu rendimento escolar nao e comprovado. Dessa forma, e necessario verificar ate que ponto o fracasso escolar pode ser atribuido unicamente as condicoes de vida das camadas populares. Sugere a elaboracao de projetos que viabilizem o acesso aos conhecimentos escolares pelas camadas populares, atraves do desenvolvimenhto do real potencial de suas criancas (AU).
(Continuação) com a criança, mais problemas nas práticas educativas e no relacionamento pais-criança e maior número de condições adversas incidindo sobre a mãe. Indicadores de instabilidade financeira foram encontrados com maior incidência no Grupo Não Clínico. Como 14 crianças no grupo não-clínico apresentaram desempenho inferior ao indicado para sua série no TDE, foram feitas comparações adicionais entre grupos constituídos a partir da combinação entre status clínico e acadêmico. Essas comparações foram realizadas considerando agora três grupos: Grupo Clínico com classificação inferior no TDE (CI, n=26); Grupo Não Clínico com classificação inferior no TDE (NCI., n=14); Grupo Não Clínico com classificação média ou superior no TDE (NCM, n=16). Confirmando os resultados das comparações anteriores entre o grupo clínico e Não Clínico, o grupo CI mostrou, em ralação ao NCM, discreto prejuízo intelectual, atraso nas habilidades acadêmicas e auto-regulação pobre. Em comparação a ambos os sub-grupos Não Clínico, verificou-se que no grupo CI as crianças vivem em ambientes com menos recursos favorecedores do desempenho escolar e apresentam maiores problemas no relacionamento com os pais e nas práticas educativas parentais. Na comparação entre os sub-grupos não clínicos, o grupo NCI apresentou nível intelectual e de desempenho escolar mais baixo, além de uma história de maior instabilidade financeira, mais eventos adver.
The books in the Florida and the Caribbean Open Books Series demonstrate the University Press of Florida’s long history of publishing Latin American and Caribbean studies titles that connect in and through Florida, highlighting the connections between the Sunshine State and its neighboring islands. Books in this series show how early explorers found and settled Florida and the Caribbean. They tell the tales of early pioneers, both foreign and domestic. They examine topics critical to the area such as travel, migration, economic opportunity, and tourism. They look at the growth of Florida and the Caribbean and the attendant pressures on the environment, culture, urban development, and the movement of peoples, both forced and voluntary. The Florida and the Caribbean Open Books Series gathers the rich data available in these architectural, archaeological, cultural, and historical works, as well as the travelogues and naturalists’ sketches of the area in prior to the twentieth century, making it accessible for scholars and the general public alike. The Florida and the Caribbean Open Books Series is made possible through a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, under the Humanities Open Books program.
This book addresses the lifelong effects of racism, covering its social, psychological, family, community and health impacts. The studies brought together in this contributed volume discuss experiences of discrimination, prejudice and exclusion experienced by children, young people, adults, older adults and their families; the processes of socialization, emotional regulation and construction of ethnic-racial identities; and stress-producing events associated with racism. This volume intends to contribute to a growing international effort to develop an antiracist agenda in developmental psychology by showcasing studies developed mainly in Brazil, the country with the largest black population in the world outside of Africa. Racism as an ideology that structures social relations and attributes superiority to one race over the others have developed in different ways in different countries. As a response to the 2020 social and health crisis, some North American developmental psychologists have started promoting initiatives to openly challenge racism. This book intends to contribute to this movement by bringing together studies conducted mainly in Brazil, but also in Germany and Norway, that adopt a racially informed approach to different topics in developmental psychology. Racism and Human Development intends to be an inspiration to students, scholars and practitioners who are seeking tools and examples of studies of race and racism from a developmental perspective. The establishment of an antiracist agenda in developmental psychology will never be possible without a commitment to the study of race as an indispensable social marker of human ontogeny in any society. This book is another step towards racial equity and towards a developmental science that leaves no one behind.
Urban Claims and the Right to the City explores how contested processes of urban development, and the rights of city dwellers, are understood and interpreted from the perspective of women and men working, in different ways, at the grassroots in Salvador da Bahia, Brazil, and London, UK. In doing so, it represents the grounded voices of authors whose work and lives mean that they engage, on a daily basis, with issues related to housing and spatial rights, and identity struggles around race, gender, disability, sexuality, citizenship and class. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Written to help identify major gaps in our knowledge of how gender and age affect psychiatric diagnoses and to stimulate much-needed research to fill these gaps, Age and Gender Considerations in Psychiatric Diagnosis serves as both a valuable short-term source for the DSM-V Task Force and its disorder-specific workgroups, and a long-term guide for future studies that will contribute to revised psychiatric classifications in these three areas. Here, 47 experts present findings in three areas of psychiatric research that historically have been neglected but rightfully have received increasing attention in recent years and thus are worthy of investigation into their clinical features, etiology, and course: 1. Significant gender differences in prevalence, symptom profiles, and risk factors for mental disorders, including neurodevelopmental, neurophysiological, and environmental factors for men and women that cut across diagnostic categories-for example, the critical importance of gender in how psychiatric illness develops and presents; DSM's approach to gender to date; and relevant research findings and gaps in the epidemiology, etiology, and pathophysiology of disorders and the gender-related expression of psychopathology, including the controversial and complex question of whether DSM should have different diagnostic criteria for men and women. 2. Mental disorders in infancy and early childhood, including diagnosis and measurement of psychopathology; PTSD and social and cognitive factors related to the experience of stress; reactive attachment disorder (unique in part because of its specificity to early childhood); mood and anxiety disorders and difficulties in diagnosis; sleep disorders, including two new disorders, Night-Waking Dysomnia and Sleep-Onset Dysomnia; feeding disorders, including the need to address overeating and overfeeding (especially given the alleged U.S. epidemic of obesity); early childhood manifestations of behavior disorders; and early symptoms and diagnosis of autism. 3. Mental disorders in the elderly, such as dementia and depression, once considered normal consequences of aging but now understood to represent mental disorders, including the need to identify specific brain structure abnormalities, biomarkers, and the many contributing biological, psychosocial, and environmental factors of mental illness in late life and to understand their roles in the elderly to better diagnose and monitor disease progression. Written for clinicians and researchers alike, this thought-provoking compendium contributes critical information that helps enhance our understanding of the causes of mental disorders, develop effective preventive and treatment interventions, and inform future editions of DSM and ICD.
In the tradition of A History of Reading, this book is an account of Manguel’s astonishment at the variety, beauty and persistence of our efforts to shape the world and our lives, most notably through something almost as old as reading itself: libraries. The Library at Night begins with the design and construction of Alberto Manguel’s own library at his house in western France – a process that raises puzzling questions about his past and his reading habits, as well as broader ones about the nature of categories, catalogues, architecture and identity. Thematically organized and beautifully illustrated, this book considers libraries as treasure troves and architectural spaces; it looks on them as autobiographies of their owners and as statements of national identity. It examines small personal libraries and libraries that started as philanthropic ventures, and analyzes the unending promise – and defects – of virtual ones. It compares different methods of categorization (and what they imply) and libraries that have built up by chance as opposed to by conscious direction. In part this is because this is about the library at night, not during the day: this book takes in what happens after the lights go out, when the world is sleeping, when books become the rightful owners of the library and the reader is the interloper. Then all daytime order is upended: one book calls to another across the shelves, and new alliances are created across time and space. And so, as well as the best design for a reading room and the makeup of Robinson Crusoe’s library, this book dwells on more "nocturnal" subjects: fictional libraries like those carried by Count Dracula and Frankenstein’s monster; shadow libraries of lost and censored books; imaginary libraries of books not yet written. The Library at Night is a fascinating voyage through the mind of one our most beloved men of letters. It is an invitation into his memory and vast knowledge of books and civilizations, and throughout – though mostly implicitly – it is also a passionate defence of literacy, of the unique pleasures of reading, of the importance of the book. As much as anything else, The Library at Night reminds us of what a library stands for: the possibility of illumination, of a better path for our society and for us as individuals. That hope too, at the close, is replaced by something that fits this personal and eclectic book even better: something more fragile, and evanescent than illumination, though just as important.