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TRB's Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program (CTBSSP) Synthesis 20: Potential Safety Benefits of Motor Carrier Operational Efficiencies addresses risk avoidance strategies and highlights their use and perceived safety effects. The report is designed to assist motor carriers in deploying their vehicles in ways that may minimize crash risk.
Every year roughly 100,000 fatal and injury crashes occur in the United States involving large trucks and buses. The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) in the U.S. Department of Transportation works to reduce crashes, injuries, and fatalities involving large trucks and buses. FMCSA uses information that is collected on the frequency of approximately 900 different violations of safety regulations discovered during (mainly) roadside inspections to assess motor carriers' compliance with Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations, as well as to evaluate their compliance in comparison with their peers. Through use of this information, FMCSA's Safety Measurement System (SMS) identifies carriers to receive its available interventions in order to reduce the risk of crashes across all carriers. Improving Motor Carrier Safety Measurement examines the effectiveness of the use of the percentile ranks produced by SMS for identifying high-risk carriers, and if not, what alternatives might be preferred. In addition, this report evaluates the accuracy and sufficiency of the data used by SMS, to assess whether other approaches to identifying unsafe carriers would identify high-risk carriers more effectively, and to reflect on how members of the public use the SMS and what effect making the SMS information public has had on reducing crashes.
"Over 3,600 people in this country died in 2009 as a result of crashes involving large commercial trucks and buses. Until recently the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) and its state partners tracked the safety of motor carriers-companies that own these vehicles-by conducting resource-intensive compliance reviews of a small percentage of carriers. In 2004, FMCSA began its Compliance, Safety, and Accountability (CSA) program. CSA is intended to identify and evaluate carriers and drivers posing high safety risks. FMCSA has focused on three key CSA oversight activities to evaluate carriers: a new Safety Measurement System (SMS) using more roadside inspection and other data to identify at-risk carriers; a wider range of "interventions" to reach more at-risk carriers; and using SMS data to suspend unfit carriers. FMCSA expected to fully implement CSA by late 2010. FMCSA also plans to separately use data to rate drivers' fitness.In this report, GAO assessed: (1) the status of the CSA rollout and issues that could affect it and (2) CSA's potential to improve safety. GAO reviewed CSA plans and data, visited eight states, and interviewed FMCSA, state, and industry officials. "
The purpose of this study was to identify, through a literature review, the potential safety benefits of implementing various ITS technologies through Virginia's Smart Travel Program. This study was requested by the ITS Section of the Virginia Department of Transportation to document what is believed to be an underestimated benefit of ITS: safety. Several Advanced Traffic Management Systems technologies improve safety, primarily through reducing congestion. In general, this reduces crash risk, particularly for multivehicle crashes. Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) provide information to the public by such means as the broadcast media, cable television, highway advisory radio, and the Internet. Although no studies document an impact, a simulation study showed that such a system has the potential to reduce crash risk. Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO) applications have the potential to reduce the risk of fatalities and serious injuries. CVO are generally geared to improving the efficiency of safety inspections and reducing inconvenience to motor carriers that are not in violation. Because of greater efficiency, more hazardous vehicles and drivers can be removed from service. Much of the work on Advanced Vehicle Control and Safety Systems is in the developmental stages. Although vehicle-based warning systems would provide the driver with some warning once the vehicle enters a hazardous situation, road-based or integrated systems have the potential to warn the driver before entering the danger zone. Advanced Public Transportation Systems and Advanced Rural Transportation Systems could have a positive impact on safety through the deployment of Mayday systems and alarms and other security warning devices that notify authorities in the event of an incident.
TRB's Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program (CTBSSP) Synthesis 14: The Role of Safety Culture in Preventing Commercial Motor Vehicle Crashes explores practices on developing and enhancing a culture of safety among commercial motor vehicle drivers. The report also examines suggested steps for increasing a safety culture through a series of best practices.
TRB's Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program (CTBSSP) Synthesis 12: Commercial Motor Vehicle Carrier Safety Management Certification examines information on existing commercial motor vehicle safety certification, selfevaluation, benchmarking, and best practices programs; identifies major common elements and protocols; and explores the crash-reduction effectiveness of the programs.
To reduce the number of crashes involving commercial motor carriers, the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Admin. (FMCSA) orders unsafe carriers out of service. To help keep these carriers off the road, FMCSA's voluntary Performance and Registration Info. Systems Management (PRISM) grant program helps states establish info. systems connections between state vehicle registration and FMCSA's safety databases. These connections provide states with up-to-date info. on carriers' safety status when carriers try to register or renew registrations with the state. This report examined: (1) PRISM's effectiveness; and (2) the potential to fully implement the program nationally. Charts and tables.