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Herzegovina and its annexes.
"Excellent, well-documented, thoughtful, and comprehensive, Forgetting Children Born of War challenges the prevailing discourse on human rights and humanitarian intervention."-ALISON BRYSK, University of California, Irvine.
The massive intentional destruction of cultural heritage during the 1992-1995 Bosnian War targeting a historically diverse identity provoked global condemnation and became a seminal marker in the discourse on cultural heritage. It prompted an urgent reassessment of how cultural property could be protected in times of conflict and led to a more definitive recognition in international humanitarian law that destruction of a people's cultural heritage is an aspect of genocide. Yet surprisingly little has been published on the subject. This wide-ranging book provides the first comprehensive overview and critical analysis of the destruction of Bosnia-Herzegovina's cultural heritage and its far-reaching impact. Scrutinizing the responses of the international community during the war (including bodies like UNESCO and the Council of Europe), the volume also analyses how, after the conflict ended, external agendas impinged on heritage reconstruction to the detriment of the broader peace process and refugee return. It assesses implementation of Annex 8 of the Dayton Peace Agreement, a unique attempt to address the devastation to Bosnia's cultural heritage, and examines the treatment of war crimes involving cultural property at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). With numerous case studies and plentiful illustrations, this important volume considers questions which have moved to the foreground with the inclusion of cultural heritage preservation in discussions of the right to culture in human rights discourse and as a vital element of post-conflict and development aid.
'Born of War' examines the human rights of children born of wartime rape and sexual exploitation in worldwide conflict zones. Detailing the impacts of armed conflict on these children's survival, protection and membership rights, the text suggests that these children constitute a particularly vulnerable category in conflict zones.
This dramatic volume introduces the conflict in Bosnia that affected citizens of the same nation, who savaged each other with massacres and mass rape of civilians as a war tactic. Essays are compiled from a variety of sources and are carefully edited and introduced to provide context for readers unfamiliar with the Bosnian conflict. Essay sources include Margaret Thatcher, Bill Clinton, and The Militant. Readers will examine the background and the causes of the conflict. The last chapter offers unforgettable first-hand accounts and narratives about people who were personally impacted by the conflict.
This volume assesses the development of human rights field operations of the United Nations and other intergovernmental organizations. It makes a substantial contribution to the debate and understanding with regard to the sector's underlying doctrine. The book, unprecedented in its scope, addresses the range of aspects of the nature, role and activities of field operations. It draws together the reflections of academics, policy makers and field practitioners. Its analysis is located within the context of applicable normative and ethical frameworks, assessment of former and current practice and examination of complementary and analogous experiences. The book will be an essential resource for all those actively involved in human rights field work as well as for policy makers and academics and students involved in human rights research.
In May 1993 the United Nations Security Council founded the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). Based in the Hague, Netherlands, the ICTY was formed with the objective of prosecuting those who had committed war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide in Bosnia and Herzegovina and elsewhere in the former Yugoslavia during the early to mid-90s. During its mandate (1993-2017), the tribunal heard many cases and tried numerous perpetrators, from those who carried out the killings to those who orchestrated and ordered them. In spite of its accomplishments, the ICTY is considered to be highly controversial. It is debated if the ICTY did enough to foster healing and reconciliation in many of the conflict-torn societies. Many scholars argue that the tribunal operated adequately within their mandate and sought to promote justice and reconciliation, however, those who lived through the brutal wars would argue that there has simply been no justice. Importantly, Bosnia and Herzegovina still remains a country divided by issues of post-conflict justice, among other things. In 2010 a government-led strategic plan emerged that was intended to deal with the unfinished “business” of justice and promote reconciliation throughout the country. However, it failed to do this, and there is currently no political will or momentum to revive it. But, was this strategy doomed to failure from the beginning? In the form of a quantitative study, this book examines the possibility of reconciliation being achieved in Bosnia and Herzegovina through the methods fostered by the strategy. Focusing on three major cities, Sarajevo, Mostar, and Banja Luka, Dr. Jared Bell surveyed nearly 500 people in order to shed light on the subject of the national transitional justice strategy and reconciliation from the perspective of the everyday populace.
This book critically examines the relationship between protecting human rights and building peace in post-violence societies. It explores the conditions that must be present, and strategies that should be adopted, for the former to contribute to the latter. The author argues that human rights can aid peacebuilding efforts by helping victims of past violence to articulate their grievance, and by encouraging the state to respond to and provide them with a meaningful remedy. This usually happens either through a process of adjudication, whereby human rights can offer guidance to the judiciary as to the best way to address such grievances, or through the passing and implementation of human rights laws and policies that seek to promote peace. However, this positive relationship between human rights and peace is both qualified and context specific. Through an interdisciplinary and comparative analysis of four case studies, the book identifies the conditions that can support the effective use of human rights as peacebuilding tools. Developing these, the book recommends a series of strategies that peacebuilders should adopt and rely on. Winner of the Constantinos Emilianides Award in Law for 2020 (joint conferment).
This collection of essays critiques human rights field missions that were part of large UN and other multinational peacekeeping operations during the period 1994 through 1997. The authors served as human rights officers for the missions, including those in El Salvador, Haiti, Cambodia, Guatemala, Rwanda, and Bosnia. The several chapters trace the evolution of the missions, the role of human rights within the peacekeeping process, and the relationship between monitoring abuses and rebuilding the institutions necessary for a rights-respecting civil society. Future peacekeeping ventures should benefit from the analysis of these operations and from the recommendations that conclude each of the two sections of the book.