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What are the most widely spoken non-English languages in the USA? How did they reach the USA? Who speaks them, to whom, and for what purposes? What changes do these languages undergo as they come into contact with English? This book investigates the linguistic diversity of the USA by profiling the twelve most commonly used languages other than English. Each chapter paints a portrait of the history, current demographics, community characteristics, economic status, and language maintenance of each language group, and looks ahead to the future of each language. The book challenges myths about the 'official' language of the USA, explores the degree to which today's immigrants are learning English and assimilating into the mainstream, and discusses the relationship between linguistic diversity and national unity. Written in a coherent and structured style, Language Diversity in the USA is essential reading for advanced students and researchers in sociolinguistics, bilingualism, and education.
Offers insight into the histories, cultures, and social dynamics of Portuguese and other Lusophone and Luso-African of the northeastern seaboard of the U.S.
The literature has identified several explanatory typologies of highly skilled migration. Although those typologies tend to oversimplify reality they are useful for discussing policy implications and integration needs that different highly qualified migrant groups might have. This article analyses a typology of three different groups of highly skilled immigrants in Portugal: (1) highly skilled immigrants at entrance; (2) immigrants acknowledged as highly skilled after a process of recognition of qualifications or after achieving a higher education in the Portuguese education system; and (3) potential highly skilled immigrants. The characterization of these three groups allow to debate how the Portuguese opportunity structure – social, economic, legal and institutional frameworks – interfere not only in the effective integration of highly skilled immigrants in the country, but also on the attractiveness of the country for hosting those immigrants. The article analyses both the impacts of the Portuguese immigration acts (with a special visa for highly skilled immigrants since 2007 and transposition of the Blue Card Directive after 2012) and the results of measures and programmes that have been developed by public and private institutions targeting these immigrants.
The Housing and Economic Experiences of Immigrants in U.S. and Canadian Cities is a collection of essays examining how recent immigrants have fared in getting access to jobs and housing in urban centres across the continent.