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"The International Workshop on Polarized Beams and Polarized Gas Targets was held in Cologne, Germany from June 6 to 9, 1995 as the last in a series held at 2-3 years intervals. It was attended by about 110 scientists; there were 47 invited and contributed talks, 5 round-table discussions and 17 poster contributions, all of which will appear as a written contribution in the Proceedings. The main subjects were Optically-Pumped Polarized Targets, Polarized Electron Sources, Atomic-Beam Polarized-Ion Sources, Optically-Pumped Polarized Ion Sources, Targets and Storage Rings. Significant progress and latest developments in this field were covered as well as future developments both from the technical, but also from the physics aspects."--Publisher's website.
The proceedings presents articles exploring the wide range of physics with can be addressed with measurements using both polarized beams and polarized targets. The conference concentrated on the physics to be done using polarized beams on polarized targets and include selected highlights on advances in the technology. Topics covered include studies of nuclear structure and few-body reactions to test fundamental symmetries, measurements of electromagnetic form factors and of the internal spin structure of nucleons, and tests of QCD.
This book collects the most recent experimental results, new ideas and prototypes in the field of nuclear gaseous and solid polarized targets and polarimetry. It contains the contribution of the biennial meeting on the topics of Polarized Sources, Targets and Polarimetry. Therefore includes the most recent developments and performances in the field and new proposals. The contributing authors are the experts of the field. The topics covered include: Polarized Electron Sources, Polarized Proton and Deuterium Sources, Polarized Internal Targets, Polarized 3He Ion Sources and Targets, Polarimetry (e, p, d) at Low and High Energy, Polarized antiprotons, Polarized Solid Targets.
The measurement of spin-polarization observables in reactions of nuclei and particles is of great utility and advantage when the effects of single-spin sub-states are to be investigated. Indeed, the unpolarized differential cross-section encompasses the averaging over the spin states of the particles, and thus loses details of the interaction process. This introductory text combines, in a single volume, course-based lecture notes on spin physics and on polarized-ion sources with the aim of providing a concise yet self-contained starting point for newcomers to the field, as well as for lecturers in search of suitable material for their courses and seminars. A significant part of the book is devoted to introducing the formal theory—a description of polarization and of nuclear reactions with polarized particles. The remainder of the text describes the physical basis of methods and devices necessary to perform experiments with polarized particles and to measure polarization and polarization effects in nuclear reactions. The book concludes with a brief review of modern applications in medicine and fusion energy research. For reasons of conciseness and of the pedagogical aims of this volume, examples are mainly taken from low-energy installations such as tandem Van de Graaff laboratories, although the emphasis of present research is shifting to medium- and high-energy nuclear physics. Consequently, this volume is restricted to describing non-relativistic processes and focuses on the energy range from astrophysical energies (a few keV) to tens of MeV. It is further restricted to polarimetry of hadronic particles.
In this book, the author begins with the elementary theory of Markov chains and very progressively brings the reader to the more advanced topics. He gives a useful review of probability that makes the book self-contained, and provides an appendix with detailed proofs of all the prerequisites from calculus, algebra, and number theory. A number of carefully chosen problems of varying difficulty are proposed at the close of each chapter, and the mathematics are slowly and carefully developed, in order to make self-study easier. The author treats the classic topics of Markov chain theory, both in discrete time and continuous time, as well as the connected topics such as finite Gibbs fields, nonhomogeneous Markov chains, discrete- time regenerative processes, Monte Carlo simulation, simulated annealing, and queuing theory. The result is an up-to-date textbook on stochastic processes. Students and researchers in operations research and electrical engineering, as well as in physics and biology, will find it very accessible and relevant.
Polarized beams and targets have been irreplaceable tools in nuclear and particle physics experiments for a long time and have provided us rich information on the role played by spin-degrees of freedom in the sub-nuclear world. In addition, techniques to obtain large nuclear polarization have recently been applied to new fields such as materials and medical sciences. The scope of these proceedings covers recent progress of state-of-the-art techniques in spin polarization, the cryogenic method, the atomic beam method, the optical pumping method and the nuclear reaction method.
This book is an up-to-date survey of the science and technology of creating polarized beams and polarized targets. The papers in this collection describe state-of-the-art sources of polarized electrons, ions, atoms, neutrons, and radioactive isotopes, discuss new polarized solid and gas target techniques, present recent advances in polarimetry, and review the use of polarized gas in medical imaging.
This book is an up-to-date survey of the science and technology of creating polarized beams and polarized targets. The papers in this collection describe state-of-the-art sources of polarized electrons, ions, atoms, neutrons, and radioactive isotopes, discuss new polarized solid and gas target techniques, present recent advances in polarimetry, and review the use of polarized gas in medical imaging.
Explains what spin is and how spins are polarized to study elementary particles, nuclei, atoms and molecular structures.