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Plastic pollution is a serious and worldwide issue. Current approaches to the problem are scattered, and they can only have a short-term impact on plastics discharge into the environment. More than a hundred nations have urged for the UN Environment Program to develop a worldwide accord on plastics (UNEP). Combating plastic pollution needs adjustments in production, commerce, and consumption. Prioritizing political and regulatory initiatives requires a clear focus and set of measures from the international community. Target hazardous plastic trash first, then single-use plastics, and last poisonous, non-recyclable plastics. Some of the Basel Plastic Waste Amendments attempt to improve trade regulation. Also, national trade and manufacturing rules are phasing out single-use plastic, especially in tiny island developing states (SIDS). Aside from initiatives to encourage reuse, reduction, and replacement, waste management should be prioritized, especially in developing nations with inadequate material recovery and recycling capacity. More nations are pressing for a new global accord on plastic pollution, hoping to get a new UN Environment Assembly mandate. A UN deal on plastic pollution might spur coordinated and larger national action, aided by global trade initiatives.
The open access publication of this book has been published with the support of the Swiss National Science Foundation. The massive accumulation of plastics in marine environments is one of the most pressing environmental concerns of our time. This book examines the relevant international legal framework applying to land-based sources of plastic pollution. Against the backdrop of the dynamics of recent policy formulation in this field, it outlines the main developments and provides a snapshot inventory of state obligations related to plastic pollution mitigation. The Mitigation of Marine Plastic Pollution in International Law identifies the main barriers and opportunities, and points out the possible building blocks of an enhanced regime.
The objective of this guide is to raise awareness about the oceans' crucial importance to us and to the planet, and the growing threats posed by plastics discharged into and accumulating in the oceans. The guide outlines the key problems and challenges and how these can be addressed. The guide is promoting circular solutions to the ocean plastic pollution, and intends to inspire impactful action and change.
Microplastics: Transport, Impacts, Monitoring and Mitigation provides a critical analysis of our current understanding of microplastic science, the methods by which microplastic are observed in the environment, and our options for mitigation and remediation. Associated concern for the environment has resulted in substantial interest in the management and mitigation of these persistent and pervasive pollutants. Nevertheless, our progress towards reliable monitoring and successful management has been limited. The book is intended for those studying or working in the fields of environmental science and waste management (as well as associated areas), and provides the holistic context needed to evaluate and interpret the outputs associated with the interlinked problems of plastic and microplastics. In this manner, the reader will be invited to explore the ongoing challenges which have thus far prevented the development of a thorough understanding of the risk posed by plastic and microplastic pollution, to discuss the implications of ongoing uncertainty to effective plastic management, evaluate the current strategies to control the ongoing proliferation of plastic pollution. Models the issue of microplastic pollution with historic case studies of alternative pollutants Demonstrates the differing requirements of microplastic monitoring and management Contains idealized workflows specific to key practitioner groups, the content of which will reflect recent debates and divergences in the field Emphasizes critical comparison between emerging management measures not apparent in current edited texts which tend to consider individual approaches separately Places management and remediation methods in the context of the observed scale and impact of associated microplastics in the environment to indicate the potential benefits of each approach
An estimated 8 million metric tons (MMT) of plastic waste enters the world's ocean each year - the equivalent of dumping a garbage truck of plastic waste into the ocean every minute. Plastic waste is now found in almost every marine habitat, from the ocean surface to deep sea sediments to the ocean's vast mid-water region, as well as the Great Lakes. This report responds to a request in the bipartisan Save Our Seas 2.0 Act for a scientific synthesis of the role of the United States both in contributing to and responding to global ocean plastic waste. The United States is a major producer of plastics and in 2016, generated more plastic waste by weight and per capita than any other nation. Although the U.S. solid waste management system is advanced, it is not sufficient to deter leakage into the environment. Reckoning with the U.S. Role in Global Ocean Plastic Waste calls for a national strategy by the end of 2022 to reduce the nation's contribution to global ocean plastic waste at every step - from production to its entry into the environment - including by substantially reducing U.S. solid waste generation. This report also recommends a nationally-coordinated and expanded monitoring system to track plastic pollution in order to understand the scales and sources of U.S. plastic waste, set reduction and management priorities, and measure progress.
Plastic pollution has emerged as one of the most pressing environmental challenges of our time, with profound implications for ecosystems, economies, and societies worldwide. Nowhere is this more evident than in Small Island Developing States (SIDS), where the convergence of factors such as limited land availability, fragile ecosystems, and heavy reliance on marine resources exacerbates the impacts of plastic pollution. However, amidst these challenges lie opportunities for innovation, collaboration, and sustainable development. Tides of Change: Mitigating Plastic Pollution in Small Island Developing States seeks to inform, inspire, and empower readers to join the global effort to combat plastic pollution and safeguard the world's oceans for future generations.
Plastics offer a variety of environmental benefits. However, their production, applications, and disposal present many environmental concerns. Plastics and the Environment provides state-of-the-art technical and research information on the complex relationship between the plastic and polymer industry and the environment, focusing on the sustainability, environmental impact, and cost—benefit tradeoffs associated with different technologies. Bringing together the field’s leading researchers, Anthony Andrady’s innovative collection not only covers how plastics affect the environment, but also how environmental factors affect plastics. The relative benefits of recycling, resource recovery, and energy recovery are also discussed in detail. The first of the book’s four sections represents a basic introduction to the key subject matter of plastics and the environment; the second explores several pertinent applications of plastics with environmental implications–packaging, paints and coatings, textiles, and agricultural film use. The third section discusses the behavior of plastics in some of the environments in which they are typically used, such as the outdoors, in biotic environments, or in fires. The final section consists of chapters on recycling and thermal treatment of plastics waste. Chapters include: Commodity Polymers Plastics in Transportation Biodegradation of Common Polymers Thermal Treatment of Polymer Waste Incineration of Plastics The contributors also focus on the effectiveness of recent technologies in mitigating environmental impacts, particularly those for managing plastics in the solid waste stream. Plastic and design engineers, polymer chemists, material scientists, and ecologists will find Plastics and the Environment to be a vital resource to this critical industry.
Many informal organisations around the world are making a positive impact on the environment and their communities by turning waste into a resource, increasing the social capacity of their community and reducing the amount of pollution in their environment. Ending Plastic Waste: Community Actions Around the World presents a collection of stories, advice and information from experts in the fields of waste management, plastic pollution and environmental finance to give a broad outlook on how 19 programs from 15 different countries are protecting our planet. By sharing these journeys, the authors hope to encourage others to take a community approach to ending plastic waste. Perfect for decision-makers working in environmental and marine fields, industry stakeholders and citizen scientist groups, this book provides guidance on how to successfully implement a new program, what resources are needed and the lessons learned by the people behind these programs in overcoming barriers.
Plastic consumption increases with the growing population worldwide and results in increased quantities of plastic waste. It is estimated that the production of plastics increased nearly 200 fold and it is fairly related to two third of the world population. Plastics are widely used in packing of materials ideal for food and beverages, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents and chemicals. Around 30% of plastics are consumed as packaging material throughout the world. Over the last century, humanity has learned how to create different types of plastics that are stronger, lighter, and more flexible than previous materials. The plastic wastes litters everywhere when not well discarded/disposed affecting the wildlife, wildlife habitat, humans and producing chocking, and pungent odour. Therefore, plastic pollution can affect land, waterways and oceans. The animals exposed to plastic pollution suffer from developmental defects with lesser birth weights for exposure to bisphenol in fishes and reptiles, long term exposure may lead to stall egg hatching and decreased body weight, tail length, and body length. Humans also affected by plastic pollution and suffering from many disorders like heart, stomach, and cancer cases. The book includes plastic waste management strategies, oceanic microplastic pollution, mitigation of plastic wastes in marine environment, plastic pollution causes, effects and preventions, plastic waste management for welfare of society and sustainable world, plastic waste problems and its effective management strategies, potentially viable methods to reduce impacts of plastic waste on the environment, roadmap to biodegradable plastics, single use plastics and marine pollution