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Abstract: Marine intertidal invertebrates are likely to be especially vulnerable to global warming as their physiology, behavior, and demography are all critically influenced by local extreme environmental temperatures. I used the owl limpet, Lottia gigantea, as a model organism to identify the physiological consequences of thermal stress on key demographic parameters. Growth and survival were reduced in response to heat stress in the field but the performance decrement was smaller for limpets with access to more food compared to individuals with access to less. Individual protein expression profiles differed as a function of temperature stress suggesting that limpets were responding to stress by preferentially synthesizing a variety of different proteins as part of the so-called "heat shock response." My results highlight the importance of considering not just one factor in isolation, but rather the potentially complex interactions among multiple environmental drivers of organismal performance
"This is the book I have been waiting for! Written by experts in each field, this Encyclopedia provides a wealth of information not only about the tidepool and shore life but also the oceanography associated with these habitats. This will be a major reference guide for years to come."--Dr. Nigella Hillgarth, Executive Director, Birch Aquarium at Scripps, Scripps Institution of Oceanography "The "Encyclopedia of Tidepools and Rocky Shores" covers much more than one might guess. It ranges from oceanography, to physiology, biomechanics, and conservation science, along with the expected treatment of the diverse groups of organisms that live in those habitats. The coverage of each topic is kept short and comprehensible to almost everyone, from high schools to colleges, and certainly to the general public interested in learning more about this fascinating part of our natural world. Best of all, the editors have managed to get some of the best scientists in the world, the absolute experts in their fields, to write the articles. The relatively short length of each entry also makes this book an ideal source for assigned readings to accompany marine biology, ecology, or oceanography classes, laboratories and field trips. It will be much appreciated by teachers and students."--Ken Sebens, Director of the Friday Harbor Marine Laboratories, University of Washington "The place where vast oceans meet the land is wondrous, complex and fascinating. Visitors from research scientists to toddlers have explored these ecosystems--one of nature's most popular theme parks. Anyone who has spent time amongst the sea stars, crabs and kelp departs full of unanswered questions. Now these questions can beanswered by dipping into the "Encyclopedia of Tidepools and Rocky Shores," The editors and contributors to this reference have created a new standard that will be an immediate classic."--Leon Panetta, Director, The Leon & Sylvia Panetta Institute for Public Policy "This volume is a wonderful introduction to the hidden and fascinating world of rocky tidepools. Grab a copy and head out with your kids or students for an outdoor experience that's sure to get them hooked. From remarkable adaptations of marine algae to weird animal life histories, tidepools hold amazing stories to tell. They deserve our interest--and our care--as part of earth's natural systems that sustain us all."--Julie Packard, Executive Director, Monterey Bay Aquarium "Tide pool lovers the world around will satisfy their curiosity, uncover new gems of insight and renew their wonder of nature at lands' end in this authoritative, fascinating and insightful compilation. Revealed within are the secrets of rocky shores and tide pools--that most dynamic of interfaces between the land and the sea, that treasure chest of rich biodiversity and keen insight, that world where science, literature, beauty and stewardship combine to form the now that integrates the past and tempts the future."--Jane Lubchenco, Wayne and Gladys Valley Professor of Marine Biology, Oregon State University
Temperature is an extremely important factor in determining both the physiology and distribution of an organism. Under future climate change it is predicted that increases in both mean temperatures and the frequency and severity of extreme high temperature events will occur. Due to the extremely heterogeneous nature of intertidal environments it is essential that we gain a more mechanistic understanding of population responses to increased temperatures so that more accurate forecasts can be made about the future population dynamics of intertidal species in response to climate change. Accordingly, this study reports the first measures of thermal tolerance for the marine gastropod mollusc, Lunella smaragda from six sites (three east coast sites & three west coast sites) within the Auckland region. The main objective was to determine whether east coast populations are more thermally tolerant than their west coast conspecifics as a result of differing spring tidal regimes. Based on temperature logger data, it was established that the rocky intertidal east coast sites reached significantly higher emersion-associated maximal temperatures than the west coast sites. Thermal tolerance proxies for L. smaragda were then determined on the basis of four phenotypic assays measuring survival ability, attachment ability, oxygen consumption and anaerobic enzyme activity in response to thermal stress. The results from these assays showed no differences between the east and west coast populations suggesting that despite the significant differences in the high emersion-associated maximal temperatures found between the two coasts, east coast populations of L. smaragda are currently no more thermally tolerant than west coast populations. However, the fact that temperatures recorded at the east coast sites exceeded the recorded LT50 values for L. smaragda, gives a strong indication that the east coast populations can be expected to routinely experience temperatures that exceed their upper thermal tolerance limits. Therefore, compared to west coast populations, east coast populations may be on the cusp of a tipping point and potentially suffer greater deleterious effects under predicted climate change than west coast populations.
Embryonic and larval stages are thought to be more sensitive to environmental fluctuations than later life history stages. Therefore, examining how marine larval gastropods might be affected by climate change stressors, in this case, high temperatures and ocean acidification (OA), becomes important for predicting long-term outcomes such as recruitment success and population structure.
Molluscs comprise the second largest phylum of animals (after arthropods), occurring in virtually all habitats. Some are commercially important, a few are pests and some carry diseases, while many non-marine molluscs are threatened by human impacts which have resulted in more extinctions than all tetrapod vertebrates combined. This book and its companion volume provide the first comprehensive account of the Mollusca in decades. Illustrated with hundreds of colour figures, it reviews molluscan biology, genomics, anatomy, physiology, fossil history, phylogeny and classification. This volume includes general chapters drawn from extensive and diverse literature on the anatomy and physiology of their structure, movement, reproduction, feeding, digestion, excretion, respiration, nervous system and sense organs. Other chapters review the natural history (including ecology) of molluscs, their interactions with humans, and assess research on the group. Key features of both volumes: up to date treatment with an extensive bibliography; thoroughly examines the current understanding of molluscan anatomy, physiology and development; reviews fossil history and phylogenetics; overviews ecology and economic values; and summarises research activity and suggests future directions for investigation. Winston F Ponder was a Principal Research Scientist at The Australian Museum in Sydney where he is currently a Research Fellow. He has published extensively over the last 55 years on the systematics, evolution, biology and conservation of marine and freshwater molluscs, as well as supervised post graduate students and run university courses. David R. Lindberg is former Chair of the Department of Integrative Biology, Director of the Museum of Paleontology, and Chair of the Berkeley Natural History Museums, all at the University of California. He has conducted research on the evolutionary history of marine organisms and their habitats on the rocky shores of the Pacific Rim for more than 40 years. The numerous elegant and interpretive illustrations were produced by Juliet Ponder.
Adaptation to Environment: Essays on the Physiology of Marine Animals contains a series of essays that is intended as a review of the special adaptations of marine organisms to the particular environmental conditions they are likely to encounter in the natural habitat. This book emphasizes developments in physiology of marine animals and on approaches to the study of the adaptations of marine organisms. This compilation also interprets the term “Physiology in its widest sense to include all aspects of the functioning of the organism from the behavior of animals to the mode of function of enzymes. For this reason, structural adaptations have been reviewed in detail only where their functional role is understood and where they constitute a specific adaptation to defined environmental conditions. This publication benefits students and individuals conducting research on the physiology of marine animals.
A comprehensive account of how abiotic and biotic interactions shape patterns of coastal marine biodiversity and ecosystem processes globally.