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This volume by an astrophysics pioneer concerns the phenomena occurring during the flight of meteors through the terrestrial atmosphere. Beginning with a historical view of the study of meteor activity, the text examines atmospheric conditions and the classification and physico-chemical properties of meteors. Also includes meteoroid energy transfer, ablation, atomic collisions, and meteor radiation.
A survey is made of recent papers on the physics of meteor entry. The various regimes of luminous flight are defined, and present techniques for obtaining the mass and density of meteoroids are critically discussed. The effect of the assumed mode of heat transfer on the mass loss is shown for two recent fireballs. A relatively simple method for estimating original mass and velocity is presented. It is evident from this paper that many questions remain to be answered, particularly those concerning radiation from the gas and ablated material, before the entry of objects larger than those which produce telescopic meteors can be successfully analyzed. (Author).
"Meteoric phenomena" is the accepted term for the complex of physi cal phenomena that accompany the entry of meteoric bodies into the at mosphere of the earth (or of any planet). "Meteoric bodies" are usually defined as cosmic bodies observed by optical or radar techniques, when they enter the atmosphere. The limiting sensitivity of present-day radar equipment makes it possible to record meteors of up to stellar magnitude +14, while the most brilliant bolides may reach magnitude -19. On a mass 7 7 scale this corresponds approximately to a range of 10- to 10 g. How ever, met~or astronomy is also concerned with larger objects, namely crater-forming meteorites, or objects that cause large-scale destruction when they arrive through the atmosphere (an example is the Tunguska River meteorite). Consideration of the interaction of such objects with 12 the terrestrial atmosphere extends the mass range to 10 g. On the other hand, scientists studying fragmentation processes in meteoric bod 7 ies have to consider particles with masses less than 10- g, and the use of data from meteoric-particle counters on rockets and artificial satel lites, from microcraters on the lunar surface, and from noctilucent clouds 12 lowers the minimum mass to 10- g. Therefore, the mass range of meteoric bodies, or meteoroids, encompasses 24 orders of magnitude. Although recent years have witnessed considerable development in meteor research, both in the Soviet Union and elsewhere, the main mono graphs on meteor physics were published twenty or more years ago.
The meteoroid environment and the effects of hypervelocity impact on a space vehicles are described, and the effects of the incompleteness of present knowledge of each are discussed. The overall problem of the meteoroid hazard is evaluated and methods of eliminating the probability of meteoroid damage are given. A partial listing of typical research projects on meteoroid-environment and hypervelocity-impact problems is presented.
"Hypersonic Meteoroid Entry Physics gives a fascinating overview of the different aspects related to meteoroid atmospheric entry. The book covers meteoroid observations in outer space, the description of the chemical-physical phenomena during atmospheric entry, recovery of the meteor on the Earth's surface, and meteorite chemical analysis. The book, based on the lectures given during the HyMEP course held in Erice in 2017, is addressed to students and researchers with an interest in plasma chemistry, astrophysics and aerospace engineering. It gives a comprehensive overview of the present status of the investigation on meteoroid entry physics while merging the knowledge of astrophysicists and the aerospace engineering communities. Part of IOP Series in Plasma Physics." -- Prové de l'editor.
This volume contains leading edge research and authoritative reviews in meteor science. It provides a comprehensive view of meteoroid research including the dynamics, sources and distribution of these bodies. Techniques for investigation of meteor phenomena in the book include conventional and large aperture radar systems, spacecraft detection, optical systems, spectral measurements, and laboratory based interplanetary dust particle studies.