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This proceedings volume of the ISEA 2006 examines sports engineering, an interdisciplinary subject which encompasses and integrates not only sports science and engineering but also biomechanics, physiology and anatomy, and motion physics. This is the first title of its kind in the emerging field of sports technology.
"Ice hockey continually overloads the athletes with limited time for recovery, which may induce fatigue and affect the physical condition. The monitoring over time of collegiate hockey player's physiological responses to submaximal stress and body composition can reflect physical fitness fluctuations. In-season physical fitness assessments can help players, team coaches or strength and conditioning professional better tailor their training program to optimize performance and well-being among their players. Two separate studies took place in this investigation. The first study's purpose was to identify changes in physiological responses and body composition profiles over the competitive season in male and female collegiate ice hockey players and to identify between-sex differences. The second study's purpose was to determine the changes in internal load perception during a short 4-minute submaximal physiological assessment over a competitive season in collegiate ice hockey players. In the first study, forty-four players, twenty-four males, and twenty females participated in 4-minutes submaximal exercise tests and body composition assessment at pre-season, mid-season and end-season. Changes in physiological parameters and body composition were analyzed using repeated measures ANCOVA controlling for age and between-sex mean changes were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Men's post-exercise blood lactate concentration decreased (p ≤ 0.05) from pre- to mid-season and both sexes increased (p ≤ 0.05) the concentration from mid- to end-season. Heart rate increased (p ≤ 0.05) after the 3rd and 4th minutes of the test in both sexes from pre- to end-season and from mid- to end-season. Males' body fat percentage decreased (p ≤ 0.05) from pre- to mid-season, while increases were observed (p ≤ 0.05) in both sexes from mid- to end-season. This study produced evidence that male and female collegiate hockey athletes' physiological responses and body composition profiles change over the season. Detraining was observed in both sexes in the second half of the season. In the second study, from the previous study, internal load ratios were created from the 4-minutes submaximal exercise and participants completed a subjective fatigue questionnaire before physical testing at pre-season, mid-season, and end-season. Changes in the internal load ratios and subjective fatigue scores at the three time-points were analyzed using repeated measures ANCOVA controlling for age and sex. HR-RPE ratio after the 1st and 2nd minute were lower at end-season compared to pre-season (F (1,41) =2.855, p ≤ 0.05). BL-RPE ratio was higher at mid-season compared to pre-season (F (1,41) =2.855, p ≤ 0.05), was lower at end-season compared to mid-season. A subjective rating (RPE) of effort in relation to physiological responses (HR, BL) might be an efficient way of assessing internal loading and fatigue in collegiate hockey players. The findings of each study can have important implications for the performance and well-being of collegiate athletes and help team coaches better tailor training programs. Maintaining an ideal level of physical fitness throughout the competitive university season would help the collegiate player maintain or improve both athletic and academic performance, increase their health, well-being, and reduce fatigue. " --
This book was written for both hockey player and coach. Hockey has been a passion of mine since early childhood. I was born and raised in Canada and relocated to the United States in 1990. Hockey has been the fabric of our family tree. From youth hockey to having the opportunity to play at the minor professional level, I have enjoyed this great game and the life lessons it has instilled along the way. It was during my career in university where coaching became a passion. I loved the weight room, the preparation, and the process. It was, and still is, a place of solace for me—a classroom. My love for strength and conditioning was born in the sweaty confines of the Miami (OH) strength and conditioning facility located in Oxford, Ohio, and run by then strength and conditioning coach Dan Dalrymple. Coach D instilled pride, work ethic, and belief in his athletes. Our two-thousand-square foot weight room was a place of preparation, competition, and embodied the team-first spirit. At that instant, I knew my calling was to serve as a coach. I owe much gratitude and appreciation to Coach D. He was a mentor to me! Thanks, Coach, your imprint has left an indelible mark.
Skating ability, and more specifically the ability to accelerate from a stationary position or change direction rapidly, is recognized as one of the most important skills in ice hockey. While coaches may use drills to compare skating performance between individuals, especially during player selection, few studies have identified the essential kinematic variables that contribute to the ability of development-age hockey players to accelerate over a specified distance. Previous research reported that the determination of performance and ultimately skating power could be related to specific biomechanical parameters, especially among developing hockey players. However, there is evidence to suggest that the potential confounding effects of height and weight should be considered in such biomechanical evaluations. Considering the range of variability for the height and weight of ten year-old children, it may be appropriate to include these as predictors of skating performance.
This study investigated if chronological age, as determined by month of birth, gives players of the same age an advantage in criteria related to ice hockey success. Elite players (N = 107), aged 15 years, were grouped per quartile of the year, according to their birth month. The frequency distribution of the subjects shows a significantly greater number of players born in the first quartile of the year: 56.5% (Q1) January to March, 22.2% in (Q2) April to June, 13.0% in (Q3) July to September, and 8.3% in (Q4) October to December. The subjects were submitted to a battery of on-and off-ice tests. The off-ice tests included measurements of height, weight, skeletal maturity, body fat, abdominal endurance, leg and hand strength, and anaerobic and aerobic power. The on-ice evaluation measured forward and backward skating speed, skating agility with and without the puck, as well as skating endurance. Analysis of variance reveals no significant difference between quartile of the year for any of the technical, physical, and fitness characteristics with the exception of skeletal age with Q1, Q2, and Q3 groups being significantly older than the Q4 group (p
From carbon fibre racing bikes to ‘sharkskin’ swimsuits, the application of cutting-edge design, technology and engineering has proved to be a vital ingredient in enhanced sports performance. This is the first book to offer a comprehensive survey of contemporary sports technology and engineering, providing a complete overview of academic, professional and industrial knowledge and technique. The book is divided into eight sections covering the following topics : Sustainable Sports Engineering Instrumentation Technology Summer Mobility Sports Winter Mobility Sports Apparel and Protection Equipment Sports Implements (racquets, clubs, bats, sticks) Sports Balls Sports Surfaces and Facilities Written by an international team of leading experts from industry, academia and commercial research institutes, the emphasis throughout the book is on innovation, the relationship between business and science, and the improvement of sports performance. This is an essential reference for anybody working in sports technology, sports product design, sports engineering, biomechanics, ergonomics, sports business or applied sport science.
This book expands on the ‘Developing Thinking Players’ model across a wide range of team and individual sports, to explain how coaches can help athletes to learn how to make better decisions during play and to think for themselves. It provides an overview of game-centred and athlete-centred approaches to teaching and coaching in sport, combining essential theory with practical tips and guidance. Written by an international team of coaching researchers and practising coaches, the book provides sport-specific instructions for coaching players in territory games, net games, striking games, target games, racquet games and combat sports, including netball, basketball, ice hockey, cricket, softball, football, rugby, volleyball, squash and karate. The book argues that the implementation of these student and athlete-centred approaches creates more opportunities for athletes to understand their sport and improves their ability to think for themselves and to learn to make better in-game decisions. Providing a theoretical underpinning for teaching tactical decision-making, it considers the development of players at all levels and age groups, from youth athletes to elite level. Thirteen sport-specific case studies offer real-world coaching insights. This is essential reading for any student, researcher or practising teacher or coach working in sport, physical education and coach education.
Validation ofan Ice Skating Protocol to Predict Aerobic Power in Hockey Players In assessing the physiological capacity of ice hockey players, researchers have often reported the outcomes from different anaerobic skate tests, and the general physical fitness of participants. However, with respect to measuring the aerobic power of ice hockey players, few studies have reported a sport-specific protocol, and currently there is a lack of cohort-specific information describing aerobic power based on evaluations using an on-ice protocol. The Faught Aerobic Skating Test (FAST) uses an on-ice continuous skating protocol to induce a physical stress on a participant's aerobic energy system. The FAST incorporates the principle of increasing workloads at measured time intervals during a continuous skating exercise. Regression analysis was used to determine the estimate of aerobic power within gender and age level. Data were collected on 532 hockey players, (males=384, females=148) ranging in age between 9 and 25 years. Participants completed a laboratory test to measure aerobic power using a modified Bruce protocol, and the on-ice FAST. Regression equations were developed for six male and female, age-specific cohorts separately. The most consistent predictors were weight and final stage completed on the FAST. These results support the application of the FAST to estimate aerobic power among hockey players with R^ values ranging from 0.174 to 0.396 and SEE ranging from 5.65 to 8.58 ml kg' min'' depending on the cohort. Thus we conclude that FAST to be an accurate predictor of aerobic power in age and gender-specific hockey playing cohorts.