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"For the first time, the archaeology of the entire northern Gulf Coast has been brought together in a comprehensive and integrated fashion. The importance of what heretofore was the 'soft underbelly' of southeastern archaeology has at least been recognized in this impressive compendium. A landmark volume, it is equivalent in scope to those of the North American Handbook series published by the Smithsonian Institution." -- Jeffrey P. Brain, Peabody Museum, Harvard University "Perspectives on Gulf Coast Prehistory is a much-needed volume which sheds light on one of the most neglected areas in southeastern archaeology: the coastal strip that extends from east Texas to south Florida. Each chapter in this edited work, written by a recognized authority on the subject, covers a particular region or chronological period. Taken together, the chapters contain a wealth of information on the prehistory, ethnohistory, and environments of the coastal zone. The text is lucid and well illustrated. Moreover, the editor has done a superb job of arranging the papers into a coherent sequence. In short, this book is a major contribution which should be read not just by southeastern archaeologists but by anyone interested in human costal adaptations." -- Vincas P. Steponaitis, SUNY--Binghamton "The Ripley P. Bullen monograph series has gained rapid respect from southeastern archaeologists. Well written and solid scholarly works addressing a broad range of important research topics, they are essential reading for any student of southeastern Indians." -- Bruce D. Smith, Smithsonian Institution Southereastern archaeology has long taken its orientation from the interior river valleys, even though archaeologists have often been troubled by discrepancies between this traditional model and results of their work in costal regions. Perspectives on Gulf Coast Prehistory is a response to these discrepancies. While they neither downplay the importance of the interior's influence nor regard the coast as a region in itself, the contributors to this book share a belief that the prehistory of the coastal area is different enough from the interior to justify studying it as a region. The essays, both wide-ranging in concept and problem-oriented, cover the Woodland and Mississippian periods of Gulf coast prehistory, from 1000 B.C. to the early European settlements around A.D. 1750. They investigate specific problems, focusing on traditional concerns with cultural chronologies as well as processes of social change, cultural interaction, and environmental adaptation. There are overviews of earlier research and a considerable body of previously unpublished material. In keeping with the larger purpose of the conference at which these papers were presented, a concluding roundtable discussion concentrates on similarities among coastal cultures. Participants presented new research, pinpointed strong and weak points in existing works, and raised questions to stimulate further study. Dave D. Davis is associate dean of the college at Tulane University.
In Bioarchaeology of the Florida Gulf Coast, Dale Hutchinson explores the role of human adaptation along the Gulf Coast of Florida and the influence of coastal foraging on several indigenous Florida populations. The Sarasota landmark known as Historic Spanish Point has captured the attention of historians and archaeologists for over 150 years. This picturesque location includes remnants of a prehistoric Indian village and a massive ancient burial mound-- known to archaeologists as the Palmer Site--that is one of the largest mortuary sites uncovered in the southeastern United States. Interpreting the Palmer population (numbering over 400 burials circa 800 A.D.) by analyzing such topics as health and diet, trauma, and demography, Hutchinson provides a unique view of a post-Archaic group of Indians who lived by hunting, collecting, and fishing rather than by agriculture. This book provides new data that support a general absence of agriculture among Florida Gulf Coast populations within the context of great similarities but also substantial differences in nutrition and health. Along the central and southern Florida Gulf Coast, multiple lines of evidence such as site architecture, settlement density and size, changes in ceramic technology, and the diversity of shell and stone tools suggest that this period was one of emerging social and political complexity accompanied by population growth. The comparisons between the Florida Gulf Coast and other coastal regions illuminate our understanding of coastal adaptation, while comparisons with interior populations further stimulate thoughts regarding the process of culture change during the agricultural era. A volume in the Florida Museum of Natural History: Ripley P. Bullen Series
The Encyclopedia of Prehistory represents temporal dimension. Major traditions are an attempt to provide basic information also defined by a somewhat different set of on all archaeologically known cultures, sociocultural characteristics than are eth covering the entire globe and the entire nological cultures. Major traditions are prehistory of humankind. It is designed as defined based on common subsistence a tool to assist in doing comparative practices, sociopolitical organization, and research on the peoples of the past. Most material industries, but language, ideology, of the entries are written by the world's and kinship ties play little or no part in foremost experts on the particular areas their definition because they are virtually and time periods. unrecoverable from archaeological con The Encyclopedia is organized accord texts. In contrast, language, ideology, and ing to major traditions. A major tradition kinship ties are central to defining ethno is defined as a group of populations sharing logical cultures.
Fifty years after its first publication by the Smithsonian Institution, this landmark work is back in print. Written by the dean of North and South American archaeologists, Gordon Willey, the book initially marked a new phase in archaeological research. It continues to offer a major synthesis of the archaeology of the Florida Gulf Coast, with complete descriptions and illustrations of all the pottery types found in the area. The book contains data that remain indispensable to archaeologists working in every region or state east of the Mississippi River.
Paleoindians first arrived in Texas more than eleven thousand years ago, although relatively few sites of such early peoples have been discovered. Texas has a substantial post-Paleoindian record, however, and there are more than fifty thousand prehistoric archaeological sites identified across the state. This comprehensive volume explores in detail the varied experience of native peoples who lived on this land in prehistoric times. Chapters on each of the regions offer cutting-edge research, the culmination of years of work by dozens of the most knowledgeable experts. Based on the archaeological record, the discussion of the earliest inhabitants includes a reclassification of all known Paleoindian projectile point types and establishes a chronology for the various occupations. The archaeological data from across the state of Texas also allow authors to trace technological changes over time, the development of intensive fishing and shellfish collecting, funerary customs and the belief systems they represented, long-term changes in settlement mobility and character, landscape use, and the eventual development of agricultural societies. The studies bring the prehistory of Texas Indians all the way up through the Late Prehistoric period (ca. a.d. 700–1600). The extensively illustrated chapters are broadly cultural-historical in nature but stay strongly focused on important current research problems. Taken together, they present careful and exhaustive considerations of the full archaeological (and paleoenvironmental) record of Texas.
This book interprets how ancient civilizations responded to various stresses, including environmental change, warfare, and the fragmentation of political institutions. It focuses on what happened during and after the decline of once powerful regimes, and posits that they experienced social resilience and transformation instead of collapse.
Consisting of 18 earthen mounds and numerous additional habitation areas dating to A.D. 12501550, the Bottle Creek site was first professionally investigated in 1932 when David L. DeJarnette of the Alabama Museum of Natural History began work there to determine if the site had a cultural reipconnected to the north by a river system. This volume builds on earlier investigations to present extensive recent data from major excavations conducted from 1991 to 1994 and supported in part by an NEH grant. Ten anthropologists examine various aspects of the site, including mound architecture, prehistoric diet, pottery classification, vessel forms, textiles used to make pottery impressions, a microlithic stone tool industry, water travel, the persistence of mound use into historic times, and the position of Bottle Creek in the protohistoric world.
Presenting the most current research and thinking on prehistoric archaeology in the Southeast, this volume reexamines some of Florida’s most important Paleoindian sites and discusses emerging technologies and methods that are necessary knowledge for archaeologists working in the region today. Using new analytical methods, contributors explore fresh perspectives on sites including Old Vero, Guest Mammoth, Page-Ladson, and Ray Hole Spring. They discuss the role of hydrology—rivers, springs, and coastal plain drainages—in the history of Florida’s earliest inhabitants. They address both the research challenges and the unique preservation capacity of the state’s many underwater sites, suggesting solutions for analyzing corroded lithic artifacts and submerged midden deposits. Looking towards future research, archaeologists discuss strategies for finding additional pre-Clovis and Clovis-era sites offshore on the southeastern continental shelf. The search is important, these essays show, because Florida’s prehistoric sites hold critical data for the debate over the nature and timing of the first human colonization of the Western Hemisphere.
Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory