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The objective of this work is to define and establish the class of adverbs in Old Anatolian Turkish (OAT) as a solid grammatical category. In this work, adverbs and adverbials are taken in a wider scope, and the phrasal and syntactic adverbial constructions such as word groups, converbs and adverbial clauses are analyzed for that purpose. Adverbs are treated as a syntactic phenomenon and all analyses are carried out on syntactic contexts in examples of full sentences and sentence groups. In this work, the aim is to answer the following questions in OAT: to show what the functions and functional variations of adverbs are in the sentence, to show what the structures and the structural variations of adverbs are, to define what the meanings of the adverbs in OAT as a grammatical category are by examining the lexical, morphological and syntactic elements in the sentence.
International conference proceedings, Mainz, 1997 and 1998.
This is the first full account of the transformation of Ottoman Turkish into modern Turkish. It is based on the author's knowledge, experience and continuing study of the language, history, and people of Turkey. That transformation of the Turkish language is probably the most thorough-going piece of linguistics engineering in history. Its prelude came in 1928, when the Arabo-Persian alphabet was outlawed and replaced by the Latin alphabet. It began in earnest in 1930 when Ataturk declared: Turkish is one of the richest of languages. It needs only to be used with discrimination. The Turkish nation, which is well able to protect its territory and its sublime independence, must also liberate its language from the yoke of foreign languages. A government-sponsored campaign was waged to replace words of Arabic or Persian origin by words collected from popular speech, or resurrected from ancient texts, or coined from native roots and suffixes. The snag - identified by the author as one element in the catastrophic aspect of the reform - was that when these sources failed to provide the needed words, the reformers simply invented them. The reform was central to the young republic's aspiration to be western and secular, but it did not please those who remained wedded to their mother tongue or to the Islamic past. The controversy is by no means over, but Ottoman Turkish is dead. Professor Lewis both acquaints the general reader with the often bizarre, sometimes tragicomic but never dull story of the reform, and provides a lively and incisive account for students of Turkish and the relations between culture, politics and language with some stimulating reading. The author draws on his own wide experience of Turkey and his personal knowledge of many of the leading actors. The general reader will not be at a disadvantage, because no Turkish word or quotation has been left untranslated. This book is important for the light it throws on twentieth-century Turkish politics and society, as much as it is for the study of linguistic change. It is not only scholarly and accessible; it is also an extremely good read.
Interest in the Persian language has grown during the last few decades, as a consequence of which numerous studies and analyses of different size have been made. The present bibliography is a selection of essays, articles and monographs on the New Persian Language (including the variants Dari and Tajik and in addition local and regional accents such as Tehrani, Isfahani, and ShiraziPersian) written - up to the year 2001 - in the following languages: Persian, Arabic, English, French, German, Italian. Apart from the subject matter aspects like relevance to Persian, topicality and reliability were decisive, too. The present material has not been listed according to strict library usage, but the author has tried to combine the accuracy and conciseness of the entries with userfriendliness. Certain kinds of type (small capitals, italics) are intended to make it easier for the reader to find their way through the mass of information and moreover the reader is given further details which possibly offer more information than the title itself. For optimal use of the enclosed bibliography five indexes (Chronological Index, Subject Index, Language Index, Word Index, Person and Title Index) have been provided which offer the reader special information.
In A Dictionary of Early Middle Turkic Hendrik Boeschoten describes the lexical material contained in works written in different varieties of Eastern Turkic before the classical age of Chaghatay.
The Persianate World: Rethinking a Shared Sphere is among the first books to explore the pre-modern and early modern historical ties among such diverse regions as Anatolia, the Iranian plateau, Central Asia, Western Xinjiang, the Indian subcontinent, and southeast Asia, as well as the circumstances that reoriented these regions and helped break up the Persianate ecumene in modern times. Essays explore the modalities of Persianate culture, the defining features of the Persianate cosmopolis, religious practice and networks, the diffusion of literature across space, subaltern social groups, and the impact of technological advances on language. Taken together, the essays reflect the current scholarship in Persianate studies, and offer pathways for future research.