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A series of multistage rocket test vehicles was launched which deployed aerodynamic decelerators at predetermined altitude and velocities. Tests were conducted using extended hemispherical shaped parachutes. Exploratory test were accomplished and data collected over a test regime extending up to Mach 3.0 at 70,000 ft. In addition, data was presented on one test of a FIST ribbon parachute deployed at an altitude of 162,990 ft. and a Mach number of 1,022. Data was also presented on 2 tests conducted involving balloon type decelerators. Useful test data was presented for each parameter investigated. It was concluded that self inflatable aerodynamic decelerators perform satisfactorily up to a Mach number of approximately 2.0. At higher Mach numbers the flow conditions and shock wave interactions caused erratic performance which resulted in canopy damage of considerable magnitude. (Author).
The present state-of-the-art, technology, and theory applicable to deployable aerodynamic decelerators, especially textile parachute canopies, are presented. Major types of decelerators are described, and their aerodynamic and operational characteristics, as well as applications, are discussed. Detailed coverage is given to decelerator materials, design and construction, hardware, test methods and vehicles, and test instrumentation. Decelerator design procedures and performance prediction techniques are demonstrated by sample calculations.
THE MAJOR RESULTS OF THE TEST PROGRAM ARE SUMMARIZED. SOLID METAL CANOPIES WITHOUT SUSPENSION LINES WHICH WERE PROPERLY VENTED EXHIBITED STABLE FLOW AT ALL TIMES REGARDLESS OF CHANGES IN POROSITY, MACH NUMBER, DYNAMIC PRESSURE, AND VARIOUS OTHER PARAMETERS. THE ADDITION OF SUSPENSION LINES TO THE SOLID CANOPIES CAUSED UNSTABLE FLOW TO EXIST AT ALL TIMES. REDUCING THE NUMBER OF SUSPENSION LINES OR ADDING FLOW STABILIZERS DID NOT IMPROVE FLOW PATTERNS. FABRIC CANOPIES BEHAVED POORLY IN GENERAL AND APPEARED TO BE SOMEWHAT DEPENDENT UPON THE LOCATION OF A CONICAL INTERLINE SHOCK WAVE. A DEFINITE IMPROVEMENT WAS NOTED WHEN THE NUMBER OF GORES WAS INCREASED. AVERAGE DRAG COEFFICIENT WAS A FUNCTION OF AVERAGE INFLATED AREA RATIO. SHAPED GORES IMPROVED BEHAVIOR SOMEWHAT, THE 45 DEG CONICAL RIBBON GIVING THE MOST STABLE PERFORMANCE OF ALL FABRIC CONFIGURATIONS TESTED.
This bibliography was prepared by the Defense Documentation Center (DDC) for use at a symposium on Parachute Technology. Citations included for documents cataloged by DDC from 1953 through 1963 are restricted to unclassified unlimited references. Entries are arranged in alphabetical sequence by subject areas pertaining to aerial delivery, canopies, materials, parachutes (types), recovery systems, physical effects, and testing. These subject areas are subdivided further into more specific topics.