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Collection of case studies dealing with the Motivation to maintain quality of life through the de-emphasis of economic development - covers the sociological aspects and psychological aspects of the retention of traditional culture and life style in face of economic growth and modernization. References and statistical tables.
Written by women from around the world, this wide-ranging collection of articles provides a fascinating overview of gender issues & will be essential reading for anyone concerned with development who is interested in hearing the voices of women.
The idea of interculturality being an essential part of a language learner's toolkit is widely accepted. Less certain is exactly what interculturality is and how to determine who has it, who does not have it and, importantly, how to get it: this book is concerned with these questions. The work presented here explores the concept of intercultural communicative competence as an aim of foreign language learning. It examines in particular the role of student mobility and how short stays abroad affect higher education students' perceptions of their development of this complex competence. It explores the coinage of the term intercultural communicative competence and the current debate regarding its definition, usage and usefulness. The work then moves on to describing an empirical study in which students who are studying English at a German university participate in an eight-week short stay abroad to the English-speaking world and are asked about their perceived development of intercultural communicative competence and the ways in which their expectations for the stay abroad are met. Developing intercultural communicative competence is an institutional aim of the stay abroad, and therefore the ways the participants make sense of this competence are of interest. Through case study research and quantitative questionnaires data are gathered, analysed and described. The study shows that even a short stay abroad helps develop intercultural communicative competence albeit in individually different ways.
Children are already learning at birth, and they develop and learn at a rapid pace in their early years. This provides a critical foundation for lifelong progress, and the adults who provide for the care and the education of young children bear a great responsibility for their health, development, and learning. Despite the fact that they share the same objective - to nurture young children and secure their future success - the various practitioners who contribute to the care and the education of children from birth through age 8 are not acknowledged as a workforce unified by the common knowledge and competencies needed to do their jobs well. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 explores the science of child development, particularly looking at implications for the professionals who work with children. This report examines the current capacities and practices of the workforce, the settings in which they work, the policies and infrastructure that set qualifications and provide professional learning, and the government agencies and other funders who support and oversee these systems. This book then makes recommendations to improve the quality of professional practice and the practice environment for care and education professionals. These detailed recommendations create a blueprint for action that builds on a unifying foundation of child development and early learning, shared knowledge and competencies for care and education professionals, and principles for effective professional learning. Young children thrive and learn best when they have secure, positive relationships with adults who are knowledgeable about how to support their development and learning and are responsive to their individual progress. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 offers guidance on system changes to improve the quality of professional practice, specific actions to improve professional learning systems and workforce development, and research to continue to build the knowledge base in ways that will directly advance and inform future actions. The recommendations of this book provide an opportunity to improve the quality of the care and the education that children receive, and ultimately improve outcomes for children.
Adolescenceâ€"beginning with the onset of puberty and ending in the mid-20sâ€"is a critical period of development during which key areas of the brain mature and develop. These changes in brain structure, function, and connectivity mark adolescence as a period of opportunity to discover new vistas, to form relationships with peers and adults, and to explore one's developing identity. It is also a period of resilience that can ameliorate childhood setbacks and set the stage for a thriving trajectory over the life course. Because adolescents comprise nearly one-fourth of the entire U.S. population, the nation needs policies and practices that will better leverage these developmental opportunities to harness the promise of adolescenceâ€"rather than focusing myopically on containing its risks. This report examines the neurobiological and socio-behavioral science of adolescent development and outlines how this knowledge can be applied, both to promote adolescent well-being, resilience, and development, and to rectify structural barriers and inequalities in opportunity, enabling all adolescents to flourish.
Adolescents obviously do not always act in ways that serve their own best interests, even as defined by them. Sometimes their perception of their own risks, even of survival to adulthood, is larger than the reality; in other cases, they underestimate the risks of particular actions or behaviors. It is possible, indeed likely, that some adolescents engage in risky behaviors because of a perception of invulnerabilityâ€"the current conventional wisdom of adults' views of adolescent behavior. Others, however, take risks because they feel vulnerable to a point approaching hopelessness. In either case, these perceptions can prompt adolescents to make poor decisions that can put them at risk and leave them vulnerable to physical or psychological harm that may have a negative impact on their long-term health and viability. A small planning group was formed to develop a workshop on reconceptualizing adolescent risk and vulnerability. With funding from Carnegie Corporation of New York, the Workshop on Adolescent Risk and Vulnerability: Setting Priorities took place on March 13, 2001, in Washington, DC. The workshop's goal was to put into perspective the total burden of vulnerability that adolescents face, taking advantage of the growing societal concern for adolescents, the need to set priorities for meeting adolescents' needs, and the opportunity to apply decision-making perspectives to this critical area. This report summarizes the workshop.
First published in 1998, this volume takes an international approach theoretical and regional perceptions and experiences of marginality along with some key case studies in Arctic North America, Greenland, Aboriginal Australia and the Republic of Ireland. Its contributors are geographers from all over the world. It is part of a series which aims to publish new scientific work on the dynamism of the marginal and critical regions of the world and concentrates on understanding marginality and its processes, the human process and its agents, comparative approaches and different policy responses to economic, social and environmental problems along with studying the human response to global change and its implications for marginalization.