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Encyclopedia of Caves, Third Edition, provides detailed background information to anyone with a serious interest in caves. This includes students, both undergraduate and graduate, in the earth, biological and environmental sciences, and consultants, environmental scientists, land managers and government agency staff whose work requires them to know something about caves and the biota that inhabit them. Caves touch on many scientific interests in geology, climate science, biology, hydrology, archaeology, and paleontology, as well as more popular interests in sport caving and cave exploration. Case studies and descriptions of specific caves selected for their special features and public interest are also included. This book will appeal to these audiences by providing in-depth essays written by expert authors chosen for their expertise in their assigned subject. - Features 14 new chapters and 13 completely rewritten chapters - Contains beautifully illustrated content, with more than 500 color images of cave life and features - Provides extensive bibliographies that allow readers to access their subject of interest in greater depth
Features Last River Caverns, Crystal Cave, Indian Echo Caverns, Woodward Cave, Penn's Cave, Indian Caverns, Lincoln Caverns, Coral Caverns, and Laurel Caverns and includes ice mines, coal mines, boulder fields, and rock cities. Detailed history of each cave. Legends and local lore of many features and sites.
Alexander Wilson, expatriate Scotsman, poet, & reformer, has been called "the Father of American Ornithology." This collection of his letters, many of them new & many complete for the first time, captures a splendid & stimulating time in American history. Wilson was a confidant of William Bartram, a correspondent of Thomas Jefferson, a sensitive personality who set out as he said to make "a collection of all our finest birds." In pursuit of this goal he traveled through much of the eastern part of the U.S., often on foot. His letters well document the joy he felt at each new discovery as well as the terrible physical harships he endured. Though later overshadowed by J.J. Audubon, Wilson deserves much credit for being one of the pioneers in American ornithology. Includes an intro. by Clark Hunter, ed. of the letters.
Pennsylvania Geography-Statistics say most kids know less geography than ever-don't let that apply to your students! Start by making sure kids know the main places & geographic features in their own state. Give them activities that pretend they are taking a cross-state bike tour, using free football game passes, jogging through the state, etc., & they'll find their way around in a hurry! Geography activities include information on counties, rivers, museums, historic places, sites of interest, colleges, bordering states, climate, topography, crops and more, all ready to reproduce! Approximately 30 activities and 200 geography related places and facts are covered. Students work alone or in groups and use maps, reference books or resource people to complete challenging riddles, matching games, word searches, fill-in lists, scavenger hunts, and completion exercises that reinforce learning, sharpen research skills, and provide a lively introduction to Pennsylvania.
The Encyclopedia of Caves and Karst Science contains 350 alphabetically arranged entries. The topics include cave and karst geoscience, cave archaeology and human use of caves, art in caves, hydrology and groundwater, cave and karst history, and conservation and management. The Encyclopedia is extensively illustrated with photographs, maps, diagrams, and tables, and has thematic content lists and a comprehensive index to facilitate searching and browsing.
A travel guide with roadside history of Pennsylvania's nice commercial caves and other geological wonders.
Made Free and Thrown Open to the Public charts the history of public libraries and librarianship in Pennsylvania. Based on archival research at more than fifty libraries and historical societies, it describes a long progression from private, subscription-based associations to publicly funded institutions, highlighting the dramatic period during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries when libraries were “thrown open” to women, children, and the poor. Made Free explains how Pennsylvania’s physical and cultural geography, legal codes, and other unique features influenced the spread and development of libraries across the state. It also highlights Pennsylvania libraries’ many contributions to the social fabric, especially during World War I, the Great Depression, and World War II. Most importantly of all, Made Free convincingly argues that Pennsylvania libraries have made their greatest strides when community activists and librarians, supported with state and local resources, have worked collaboratively.
A collection of documents supplementing the companion series known as "Colonial records," which contain the Minutes of the Provincial council, of the Council of safety, and of the Supreme executive council of Pennsylvania.