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The United States Institute of Peace, based in Washington, D.C., presents the full text of the "Lusaka Protocol," a treaty signed in Lusaka, Zambia, on November 15, 1994, between the Government of the Republic of Angola and the Uniao Nacional Para A Independencia Total De Angola (UNITA), an Angolan rebel group. The library presents the text online as part of its Peace Agreements Digital Collection resource.
The United States Institute of Peace (USIP) Library in Washington, D.C., presents the full text of a November 1, 1998 peace agreement between the government of Guinea-Bissau and the self-proclaimed military Junta. The agreement forms part of the Peace Agreements Digital Collection resource of the USIP Library.
The digital collections consist of the Peace Agreements Digital Collection, the Truth Commissions Digital Collection, and the Oral Histories Project on Stability Operations. The Peace Agreements Digital Collection strives to contain the full text of agreements signed by the major contending parties ending inter- and intra-state conflicts worldwide since 1989. The Truth Commissions Digital Collection contains decrees establishing truth commissions and similar bodies of inquiry worldwide as well as the reports issued by such groups. The Oral Histories Project on Stability Operations collects the full text of interviews conducted by the Institute's Center for Post-Conflict Peace and Stability Operations program with individuals involved in stability operations.
Nine contributors offer pioneering work on the scope and nature of electoral violence in Africa; investigate the forms electoral violence takes; and analyze the factors that precipitate, reduce, and prevent violence. The book breaks new ground with findings from the only known dataset of electoral violence in sub-Saharan Africa, spanning 1990 to 2008. Specific case studies of electoral violence in countries such as Ghana, Kenya, and Nigeria provide the context to further understanding the circumstances under which electoral violence takes place, recedes, or recurs.
This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the use of peace agreements from a legal perspective. The book describes and evaluates the development of contemporary peace agreement practice, and the documents which emerge. It sets out what is in essence an anatomy of peace agreement practice, and locates this practice with reference to the role of law. The last fifteen years have seen a proliferation of peace agreements. These peace agreements have been produced as a result of complex peace processes involving multi-party negotiations between the main protagonists of conflict, often with the involvement of international actors. They document attempts to end conflict, and this book argues that they play an underestimated role in a political process that centrally revolves around law. Understanding peace agreements is important to understanding contemporary peace processes. Law plays two key roles with respect to peace agreements: first, to the extent that peace agreements themselves form legal documents, law plays a role in the 'enforcement' or implementation of the peace agreement; second, international law has a relationship to peace agreement negotiation and content, in an enabling or regulatory capacity. The aim of the book is to evaluate the role which law plays both in enforcing peace agreements and through a normative framework which constrains the ways in which they operate. This evaluation reveals a deeper link between the legal status of peace agreements and their normative regulation as mutually shaping, in what is argued to be a developing lex pacificatoria - or law of the peace makers. This lex pacificatoria stands as an account of the way in which international law shapes and is shaped by peace agreements, in ways which impact on contemporary debates about the force of international law.