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Comment penser l’association entre patrimoine mondial, développement et tourisme ? Dans un contexte concurrentiel, le prestige qu’entraîne l’inscription d’un site sur la Liste du patrimoine mondial de l’UNESCO (Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’éducation, la science et la culture) constitue un avantage compétitif. Toutefois, le tourisme peut être plus qu’un simple étendard pour attirer davantage de visiteurs, il peut être au service du développement des communautés. C’est à ce nouveau paradigme de tourisme durable, devenu l’un des axes stratégiques de l’UNESCO, que s’intéressent les auteurs de cet ouvrage. Ils traitent de la diversification des enjeux du patrimoine mondial, de la pluralisation des motifs de l’inscription à la Liste et des indicateurs de durabilité sociale, mais aussi des relations entre les espaces touristiques et les sites patrimoniaux. Ils exposent également les modalités de la participation communautaire au tourisme durable, en adoptant une conception ouverte des communautés, c’est-à-dire en considérant les visions plurielles et divergentes. Il ne s’agit plus seulement d’évaluer les incidences du tourisme sur le patrimoine, positives ou négatives, mais bien de caractériser un développement local, en examinant ses acteurs, ses bénéficiaires et les recompositions territoriales auxquelles il donne lieu.
Exploring the impact of the rise of digital media over the last few decades, this timely Handbook highlights the major role it plays in preserving and protecting heritage as well as its ability to promote and support sustainable tourism at heritage sites. Particularly relevant at this time due to the diffusion of smartphones and use of social media, chapters look at the experience and expectation of being ‘always on’, and how this interacts with heritage and tourism.
Not all World Heritage Sites have people living within or close by their boundaries, but many do. The designation of World Heritage status brings a new dimension to the functioning of local communities and particularly through tourism. Too many tourists accentuated by the World Heritage label, or in some cases not enough tourists, despite anticipation of increased numbers, can act to disrupt and disturb relations within a community and between communities. Either way, tourism can be seen as a form of activity that can generate interest and concern as it is played out within World Heritage Sites. But the relationships that World Heritage Sites and their consequent tourism share with communities are not just a function of the number of tourists. The relationships are complex and ever changing as the communities themselves change and are built upon long-standing and wider contextual factors that stretch beyond tourism. This volume, drawing upon a wide range of international cases relating to some 33 World Heritage Sites, reveals the multiple dimensions of the relations that exist between the sites and local communities. The designation of the sites can create, obscure and heighten the power relations between different parts of a community, between different communities and between the tourism and the heritage sector. Increasingly, the management of World Heritage is not only about the management of buildings and landscapes but about managing the communities that live and work in or near them.
This book provides a comprehensive discussion of the phenomenon of World Heritage tourism through a critical, global perspective that encompasses both supply and demand. Individual chapters critically engage with four main topics crucial to this subject area. A chapter on visitors defines the World Heritage tourist segment, highlighting on-site behavior and visitor needs. Building on this, a marketing chapter questions the functionality of the World Heritage brand as a tourist attractor and instead argues that tourist growth is due to effective marketing following World Heritage inscription. The third chapter presents a holistic management framework centred on planning, place, and people, while the concluding chapter situates World Heritage tourism in a global context, discussing threats such as climate change. International case studies from a wide variety of both natural and cultural sites provide a representative discussion of the topic across varying geographical, political, and cultural contexts. This will be of great interest to upper-level students, researchers, and academics in the fields of tourism, heritage studies, and geography, as well as practitioners in these fields who wish to better understand the crucial interplay of these areas.
The remarkable success of the 1972 UNESCO Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage is borne out by the fact that nearly 1,000 properties have now been designated as possessing Outstanding Universal Value and recognition given to the imperative for their protection. However, the remarkable success of the Convention is not without its challenges and a key issue for many Sites relates to the touristic legacies of inscription. For many sites inscription on the World Heritage List acts as a promotional device and the management challenge is one of protection, conservation and dealing with increased numbers of tourists. For other sites, designation has not brought anticipated expansion in tourist numbers and associated investments. What is clear is that tourism is now a central concern to the wide array of stakeholders involved with World Heritage Sites.
This timely Research Agenda moves beyond classic approaches that consider the relationship between heritage and tourism either as problematic or as a factor for local development, and instead adopts an understanding of heritage and tourism as two reciprocally supported social phenomena that are co-produced.
This edited book provides a broad collection of current critical reflections on heritage-making processes involving landscapes, positioning itself at the intersection of landscape and heritage studies. Featuring an international range of contributions from researchers, academics, activists, and professionals, the book aims to bridge the gap between research and practice and to nourish an interdisciplinary debate spanning the fields of geography, anthropology, landscape and heritage studies, planning, conservation, and ecology. It provokes critical enquiry about the challenges between heritage-making processes and global issues, such as sustainability, economic inequalities, social cohesion, and conflict, involving voices and perspectives from different regions of the world. Case studies in Italy, Portugal, Spain, Slovenia, the Netherlands, Turkey, the UK, Columbia, Brazil, New Zealand, and Afghanistan highlight different approaches, values, and models of governance. This interdisciplinary book will appeal to researchers, academics, practitioners, and every landscape citizen interested in heritage studies, cultural landscapes, conservation, geography, and planning.
The term ‘overtourism’ has come into prominence since 2017 and refers to the fact that, due to various factors such as more sophisticated marketing strategies, a large number of tourists visit the same place at the same time. The consequences are felt by the locals, the tourists themselves as well as the environment. As a result, tourismphobia and anti-tourism movements have emerged as ways for locals to reclaim their lifestyle by refusing to interact with visitors and sometimes discouraging them to visit. This book presents new research on this emerging phenomenon and discusses the main causes and implications before putting forward possible solutions. The authors take an interpretivist approach in order to unveil aspects of overtourism that have not yet been discussed. It provides case studies and explores topics such as tourism education, overtourism of cultural and heritage sites, and the need for sustainable tourism development.
Thinking about development and the environment simultaneously is one of the biggest scientific and societal challenges of the 21st century. Understanding the interactions between biophysical systems and human activities in an era of global change requires overcoming disciplinary divides and opening up new epistemological perspectives. This book explores these challenges using a territorial lens. Combining various scales of analyses (from global to local) and contexts (both urban and rural) in the North and in the South, it analyzes the relationships between environment and development through a variety of geographical objects (i.e. cities, rural and agricultural areas, coastlines, watershed), themes (i.e. ecological transitions, food, energy, transport, agriculture, mining activities) and methodologies (i.e. qualitative and quantitative approaches, modeling, in situ measurements). By engaging in a dialogue between social science and natural science disciplines, within different fields and with a variety of forms of knowledge production, this book provides essential information for understanding and reading the complexity of a globalized world. This book is targeted at academics and students in social sciences and at stakeholders in the field of territorial and environmental management.