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This report presents a cost analysis of Oxygen recovery from air. The process examined is a typical vacuum swing adsorption process. In this process, low purity Oxygen is produced. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Pressure Swing Adsorption, PSA, VSA
This report presents a cost analysis of Monoethylene Glycol (MEG) production from ethylene. The process examined is similar to Shell OMEGA process. In this process, ethylene is first oxidized with oxygen to produce ethylene oxide. Part of the ethylene oxide generated is sold as a by-product and the remaining part is converted to MEG as the final product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 8329959, issued to Shell in 2012 (2) US Patent 8217190, issued to Shell in 2012 Keywords: Ethene, Shell, OMEGA, Only MEG Advantage, Oxidation, Catalytic Process
This report presents a cost analysis of Chlorine production from sodium chloride. The process examined is a typical mercury cell process. In this process, an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (brine) is decomposed electrolytically in a mercury cell, producing Chlorine. Caustic soda (50 wt%) and hydrogen are also generated as products. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) Handbook of Chlor-Alkali Technology, 2005 (2) "Chlorine", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 7th edition Keywords: Chlor-Alkali, Caustic Soda, NaOH
This report presents a cost analysis of Ethylene Dichloride (EDC) production from ethylene and chlorine using a direct chlorination process. The process examined is a high temperature chlorination (HTC) process similar to the one developed by Vinnolit. In this process, EDC is produced from ehtylene and chlorine in a direct chlorination reaction, and subsequently purified to "sales EDC quality". This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent US6235953B1, issued to Vinnolit Monomer GmbH and Co KG in 2001 (2) European Patent EP1899287B1, issued to Vinnolit GmbH and Co KG ThyssenKrupp Uhde GmbH in 2006 Keywords: Ethene, 1,2-Dichloroethane, Vinnolit, Westlake
This report presents a cost analysis of Syngas (Synthesis Gas) production from natural gas. The process examined is a combined reforming process. In this process, natural gas is converted into syngas in two steps: steam reforming and autothermal reforming. In the steam reformer, the natural gas reacts with steam and, in the secondary (autothermal) reformer, it reacts with oxygen. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Methane, Carbon Monoxide, Catalytic Reforming, Steam Reforming, SMR
This report presents a cost analysis of Maleic Anhydride production from butane via partial oxidation The process examined is similar to CB&I Lummus ALMA technology. In this process, Maleic Anhydride is produced by the partial oxidation reaction of n-butane with oxygen carried out in a fluid bed reactor. The reactor effluent is sent to a solvent-based recovery system for Maleic Anhydride separation. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): "Maleic Anhydride, Maleic Acid, and Fumaric Acid", Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 5th edition Keywords: Fluid Bed, Maleic Acid Anhydride, C4 Oxidation, CB&I Lummus, Solvent Recovery
This report presents a cost analysis of large-scale Methanol production from natural gas. The process examined is similar to JM Catalysts LCM Process. In this process, natural gas passes through a gas heated reformer to be converted into syngas, which is then converted to Methanol. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 7087652, issued to Johnson Matthey in 2006 (2) "Methanol", Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 5th edition Keywords: JM Catalysts, Leading Concept Methanol, autothermal reformer, gas heated reformer
This report presents a cost analysis of Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) production from polymer grade (PG) ethylene and 1-octene using a solution process. The process under analysis is similar to Dow DOWLEX process. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): US Patent 6420516, issued to Dow in 2002 Keywords: Ethene, PE, Copolymer
This report presents a cost analysis of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) bimodal production from polymer grade (PG) ethylene and 1-butene using a slurry loop process. The process examined is similar to Borealis BORSTAR process. This process is based on a dual reactor system (slurry and gas phase reactors) to produce HDPE bimodal polymer. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 7115687, issued to Borealis in 2006 (2) US Patent 5684097, issued to Borealis in 1997 Keywords: Ethene, PE, Butylene, Loop Reactor, Slurry Reactor, Gas Reactor, Copolymer