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As the largest group of natural resource managers on the planet, farmers are at the interface of the changing relationship between humans and the environment. Typically organised around what might be considered the most basic of social units, for generations the family farm has survived wide-ranging exogenous challenges, frequently preserving the line of succession to the next of kin. Now as we face major questions about how we use land and the impact of our land use on the global environment, farming once again faces a challenging and uncertain future. This book draws on the experiences of farmers in Australia, New Zealand, North America, Japan and the EU to examine the special features of family farms and, in particular, the tradition of succession which has enabled them to continue to have such a strong presence in the world today.
Pamphlet comprising a guide to official statistical sources in agriculture and food in the UK - includes a subject index to statistical series.
Originally published in 1936, The Government of Northern Ireland examines the practical operation of devolution which was granted to Northern Ireland in 1920. The later phases of the Ulster Question, interacting with a theoretic conception of devolution, provide the historical background in the light of which early 20th Century government in Ireland is analysed. The political, administrative and financial relations between the (then Imperial) and subordinate Parliament, the powers and personnel of the local legislature and the character of the local government are all discussed. The achievement of self-government in Northern Ireland is summarized with special regard to the desirability of a similar grant of devolution to Scotland and Wales.
This unique research-based book explores the development of the fertiliser industry in Ireland, an important sector of Irish industrial history that has so far been somewhat neglected in the literature. The exploration includes detailed analyses of changes in the raw materials used by the industry, the quantity and range of products made and imported, the process technology employed, the organisation and structure of the industry and the roles played by certain key individuals. The development of the industry is considered in a series of five time periods. The first of these looks at the antecedents of the industry prior to its birth in the middle of the nineteenth century. There follows an essential digression to show that scientific progress in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was a prerequisite for the emergence of a fertiliser industry. The genesis and development of the industry is then considered in four time periods spanning 1840 to 1990. Throughout the book both demand and supply side factors that influenced the development of the industry are identified. It is shown that participation by firms in product and/or process development was an essential ingredient for their competitiveness and survival in the industry. Finally the future of the industry in Ireland is considered in the light of evidence of excessive use of fertilisers, as well as potential health and environmental problems arising from the pollution of surface and ground water supplies.
This volume deals with agricultural activity 'up to the farmgate', leaving consideration of food processig to a forthcoming review. The key role of agriculture in the UK economy and the controversial aspects of agricultural finance within the wider context of the EEC ensure that this review will be widely used as a dey research source in a range of institutions, from governmental to educational, to industrial and commercial.
Acknowledging the challenges and opportunities raised by Brexit for the agrifood supply chain and agricultural policies across the UK, this book provides the first in-depth analysis of agricultural policy developments across the UK’s four nations rooted in strong theoretical and practical underpinnings. Arguing that the four nations could be more ambitious in departing from the Common Agricultural Policy and extending beyond the ‘public money for public goods’ approach adopted across the UK, it critiques the core attributes of their policies with focuses including the debate over outcome-based schemes, governance mechanisms, impacts on farm diversity and path dependency on the Common Agricultural Policy and English approaches. It promotes a ‘resilient agriculture’ paradigm and utilises social-ecological services, net zero, agroecology and agri-food democracy as the main pathways to achieve this. In doing so, it scrutinises the evolving contextual, political and legal landscape within which devolved and UK agricultural policies are developing from a multilevel governance perspective, examining the implications of WTO law for the UK and its devolved administrations to determine environmental, food and animal welfare standards under the GATT, the SPS and TBT Agreements and financial support schemes under the Agreement on Agriculture. The book assesses the significance of the Northern Ireland Protocol, the Trade and Cooperation Agreement with the EU and other free trade agreements for standards across the UK and access to markets. From a domestic perspective, challenges to devolution and the stability of the Union are highlighted. Elements of unilateral recentralisation are visible via financing mechanisms, the UK Internal Market Act and the Agriculture Act. The book’s interdisciplinary nature makes it of interest to lawyers, political scientists, economists, human geographers and scientists, as well as policymakers, agricultural communities, civil society organisations and think tanks in the devolved administrations, the UK, the EU and beyond.
This report presents the results of a study on agricultural plastic products used globally in a range of different value chains. The study assessed the types and quantities of plastic products, their benefits and trade-offs. Sustainable alternative products or practices were identified for products assessed as having high potential to cause harm to human and ecosystem health or having poor end-of-life management. The report is based on data derived from peer-reviewed scientific papers, governmental and non-governmental organization’s research reports, as well as from industry experts, including relevant trade bodies. The report’s recommendations were verified during extensive consultation and review with FAO and external experts. The authors hope that the study will provide an impetus for discussion about the use of agricultural plastics, their benefits and trade-offs, and ultimately stimulate action to reduce their potential for harm to human health and the environment.