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Pattern Recognition by Self-Organizing Neural Networks presentsthe most recent advances in an area of research that is becoming vitally important in the fields ofcognitive science, neuroscience, artificial intelligence, and neural networks in general. The 19articles take up developments in competitive learning and computational maps, adaptive resonancetheory, and specialized architectures and biological connections. Introductorysurvey articles provide a framework for understanding the many models involved in various approachesto studying neural networks. These are followed in Part 2 by articles that form the foundation formodels of competitive learning and computational mapping, and recent articles by Kohonen, applyingthem to problems in speech recognition, and by Hecht-Nielsen, applying them to problems in designingadaptive lookup tables. Articles in Part 3 focus on adaptive resonance theory (ART) networks,selforganizing pattern recognition systems whose top-down template feedback signals guarantee theirstable learning in response to arbitrary sequences of input patterns. In Part 4, articles describeembedding ART modules into larger architectures and provide experimental evidence fromneurophysiology, event-related potentials, and psychology that support the prediction that ARTmechanisms exist in the brain. Contributors: J.-P. Banquet, G.A. Carpenter, S.Grossberg, R. Hecht-Nielsen, T. Kohonen, B. Kosko, T.W. Ryan, N.A. Schmajuk, W. Singer, D. Stork, C.von der Malsburg, C.L. Winter.
This book explores the basic traits of inter-organizational networks, examining the interplay between structure, dynamics, and performance from a governance perspective. The book assumes a novel theoretical angle based on the interpretation of networks as multiple systems, and advances the theory in the realm of network effectiveness and failure. Composed of two parts, theoretical and empirical, The Network Organization clarifies the literature on networks, offering a systematic review, and provides a new perspective on their integration with other streams of research focusing on under-studied issues such as agency, micro-dynamics, and network effectiveness. The second part proposes the analysis of the tourism destination of Venice, with a specific focus on the network between the Venice Film Festival, the hospitality system, and the local institutions. By exploring the pervasion of networks in modern social and economic life, this book will be valuable to students, researchers, practitioners and policy-makers.
What are organizations? Where do they come from? How are they transformed and adapted to new situations? In the digital age and in the global network society, traditional theories of the organization can no longer answer these questions. Based on actor-network theory, this book explains organizations as flexible, open networks in which both human and non-human actors enter into socio-technical assemblies by constantly negotiating and re-negotiating programs of action. Organizations are not macro social structures or autonomous systems operating behind the backs of individuals. Instead, they are scalable actor-networks guided by network norms of connectivity, flow, communication, participation, authenticity, and flexibility.
This practical guide shows how to facilitate collaboration among diverse individuals and organizations to navigate complexity and create change in our interconnected world. The social and environmental challenges we face today are not only complex, they are also systemic and structural and have no obvious solutions. They require diverse combinations of people, organizations, and sectors to coordinate actions and work together even when the way forward is unclear. Even so, collaborative efforts often fail because they attempt to navigate complexity with traditional strategic plans, created by hierarchies that ignore the way people naturally connect. By embracing a living-systems approach to organizing, impact networks bring people together to build relationships across boundaries; leverage the existing work, skills, and motivations of the group; and make progress amid unpredictable and ever-changing conditions. As a powerful and flexible organizing system that can span regions, organizations, and silos of all kinds, impact networks underlie some of the most impressive and large-scale efforts to create change across the globe. David Ehrlichman draws on his experience as a network builder; interviews with dozens of network leaders; and insights from the fields of network science, community building, and systems thinking to provide a clear process for creating and developing impact networks. Given the increasing complexity of our society and the issues we face, our ability to form, grow, and work through networks has never been more essential.
With the current explosion in network traffic, and mounting pressure on operators’ business case, Self-Organizing Networks (SON) play a crucial role. They are conceived to minimize human intervention in engineering processes and at the same time improve system performance to maximize Return-on-Investment (ROI) and secure customer loyalty. Written by leading experts in the planning and optimization of Multi-Technology and Multi-Vendor wireless networks, this book describes the architecture of Multi-Technology SON for GSM, UMTS and LTE, along with the enabling technologies for SON planning, optimization and healing. This is presented mainly from a technology point of view, but also covers some critical business aspects, such as the ROI of the proposed SON functionalities and Use Cases. Key features: Follows a truly Multi-Technology approach: covering not only LTE, but also GSM and UMTS, including architectural considerations of deploying SON in today’s GSM and UMTS networks Features detailed discussions about the relevant trade-offs in each Use Case Includes field results of today’s GSM and UMTS SON implementations in live networks Addresses the calculation of ROI for Multi-Technology SON, contributing to a more complete and strategic view of the SON paradigm This book will appeal to network planners, optimization engineers, technical/strategy managers with operators and R&D/system engineers at infrastructure and software vendors. It will also be a useful resource for postgraduate students and researchers in automated wireless network planning and optimization.
Reflecting recent advancements, Security of Self-Organizing Networks: MANET, WSN, WMN, VANET explores wireless network security from all angles. It begins with a review of fundamental security topics and often-used terms to set the foundation for the following chapters. Examining critical security issues in a range of wireless networks, the bo
Modern computer networks or wireless ad-hoc networks offer a wide range of interesting optimization problems. Usual optimization goals are the minimization of the message delay in a Peer-to-Peer system or the minimization of the energy consumption of a wireless network. This thesis presents different kinds of algorithms to solve such optimization problems. Starting from the mathematical formulations for these problems, various global view optimization algorithms are presented. These algorithms are based on evolutionary algorithms and local search or similar heuristics. They can be used to quickly find near-optimal solutions, if a global view of the network is possible. As the participants in a computer network or a wireless ad-hoc network are autonomous nodes, distributed algorithms can be designed that enable these nodes to collectively solve the optimization problem. Four distributed algorithms are formulated and evaluated in this thesis, thus laying grounds for distributed optimization of networks. Using these algorithms, the network can be modelled as a self-optimizing network and the optimization problem can be approached without global view.
Organizations are complex social systems that are not easy to understand, yet they must be managed if a company is to succeed. This book explains networks and how managers and organizations can navigate them to produce successful strategic innovation outcomes. Although managers are increasingly aware of the importance of social relations for the inner-workings of the organization, they often lack insights and tools to analyze, influence or even create these networks. This book draws on insights from social network theory; insights sharpened by research in a number of different empirical settings including production, engineering, financial services, consulting, food processing, and R&D/hi-tech organizations and alternates between offering critical real business examples and more rigorous analysis. This concise book is vital reading for students of business and management as well as managers and executives.
This book lays out the theoretical groundwork for personalized search and reputation management, both on the Web and in peer-to-peer and social networks. Representing much of the foundational research in this field, the book develops scalable algorithms that exploit the graphlike properties underlying personalized search and reputation management, and delves into realistic scenarios regarding Web-scale data. Sep Kamvar focuses on eigenvector-based techniques in Web search, introducing a personalized variant of Google's PageRank algorithm, and he outlines algorithms--such as the now-famous quadratic extrapolation technique--that speed up computation, making personalized PageRank feasible. Kamvar suggests that Power Method-related techniques ultimately should be the basis for improving the PageRank algorithm, and he presents algorithms that exploit the convergence behavior of individual components of the PageRank vector. Kamvar then extends the ideas of reputation management and personalized search to distributed networks like peer-to-peer and social networks. He highlights locality and computational considerations related to the structure of the network, and considers such unique issues as malicious peers. He describes the EigenTrust algorithm and applies various PageRank concepts to P2P settings. Discussion chapters summarizing results conclude the book's two main sections. Clear and thorough, this book provides an authoritative look at central innovations in search for all of those interested in the subject.
Beyond Empires explores the complexity of empire building from the point of view of self-organized networks, rather than from the point of view of the central state. This focus takes readers into a world of cooperative strategies worldwide that emphasises the role played by individuals, rather than institutions, in the overseas expansion and consequent development of European empires. While unveiling the practices and mechanisms of cooperation between individuals, this volume show cases the role played by individuals for the creation, development and maintenance of self-organized networks in the Early Modern period. Applying new conceptual and theoretical inputs, this book values the contributions of different ‘worlds’, bringing to the fore the interactions of Europeans and non-Europeans, Christians and non-Christians, people living within-, on- or just outside the border of empire.