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Examining the formation, transformation, and application of ion radicals in typical conditions of organic synthesis, Organic Ion Radicals: Chemistry and Applications explains the reactions and principles of ion radical chemistry. The author addresses methods of determining ion- radical mechanisms and controlling ion radical reactions, issues relating to ecology and biology, and inorganic participants in ion radical organic reactions. Applications discussed include the roles of ion radicals in biological systems and their uses in optoelectronics, organic metals, and the manufacture of paper.
Examining the formation, transformation, and application of ion radicals in typical conditions of organic synthesis, Organic Ion Radicals: Chemistry and Applications explains the reactions and principles of ion radical chemistry. The author addresses methods of determining ion- radical mechanisms and controlling ion radical reactions, issues relati
Free radicals constitute the most frequently used class of reaction intermediates in organic chemistry. This study describes the structure and reactivity of free radicals, and explores their role in both natural phenomena and in the design of new reaction pathways.
Considering the challenge of sustainability facing our society in the coming decades, catalysis is without any doubt a research area of major importance. In this regard, asymmetric organocatalysis, now considered a pillar of green chemistry, deserves particular attention. The first chapter of this volume examines the topic of asymmetric organocatalysis in light of radical chemistry. Recent important progress in this field has been attained by promoting the formation and harnessing the high reactivity of open-shell intermediates. Merging organocatalysis with radical chemistry has been the key to solving some longstanding bottlenecks, and has also significantly contributed to reinforcing the key role of organocatalysis in asymmetric catalysis. This chapter presents the most significant developments in this area, with a particular focus on asymmetric SOMO- and photoredox-organocatalyzed transformations. Chapter 2 focuses on quaternary ammonium salts (R4N+X-), especially chiral derivatives, and their behavior as unique catalysts in organocatalysis. Forming chiral ion-pairs capable of promoting asymmetric reactions, they also operate as unique "transporters involved in phase transfer catalytic processes between liquid–liquid or liquid–solid systems. Furthermore, they offer unique opportunities when forming cooperative ion-paired entities R4N+X-, allowing a synergistic implication of the counter-ion X- either as Brønsted bases or Lewis bases. Specific design of such chiral catalysts in modern chemistry and better insight into their mode of activation facilitates efficient and unprecedented chemical transformations. This chapter provides an overview of the use of chiral quaternary ammonium salts in organocatalysis, emphasizing both general mechanistic aspects and the scope of this approach. - Presents the most significant developments with a particular focus on asymmetric SOMO- and photoredox-organocatalyzed transformations - Givies a larger overview of chiral ammonium salts in organocatalysis rather than a specific review dedicated to specialists in this area - Affords a historical evolution of this field of research
Presentation is clear and instructive: students will learn to recognize that many of the reactions in organic chemistry are closely related and not independent facts needing unrelated memorization. The book emphasizes that derivation of a mechanism is not a theoretical procedure, but a means of applying knowledge of other similar reactions and reaction conditions to the new reaction. - Brief summaries of required basic knowledge of organic structure, bonding, stereochemistry, resonance, tautomerism, and molecular orbital theory - Definitions of essential terms - Typing and classification of reactions - Hints (rules) for deriving the most likely mechanism for any reaction
This series provides inorganic chemists with detailed and foolproof procedures for the preparation of important and timely compounds. Volume 34 continues to report such procedures with an up-to-date selection of contributions by internationally-recognized researchers, including the following:
Free radical initiators–chemical molecules which easily decompose into free radicals–serve as reactive intermediates in synthetic methodologies such as organic and polymer synthesis as well as in technological processes, oligomerization, network formation, and kinetic research. The Handbook of Free Radical Initiators presents an up-to-date account of the physicochemical data on radical initiators and reactions of radical generation. Individual chapters include: Dialkyl Peroxides and Hydroperoxides Diacyl Peroxides, Peresters, and Organic Polyoxides Azo-Compounds Bimolecular Reactions of Free Radical Generation by Ozone, Dioxygen, Hydroperoxides, and Haloid Molecules Free Radical Abstraction Reactions Free Radical Addition Reactions Free Radical Recombination and Disproportoination Reactions Professionals and academic researchers in chemical engineering, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, plastics, and rubbers will find the Handbook of Free Radical Initiators to be a distinguished, vital resource.
Reactive Intermediate Chemistry presents a detailed and timely examination of key intermediates central to the mechanisms of numerous organic chemical transformations. Spectroscopy, kinetics, and computational studies are integrated in chapters dealing with the chemistry of carbocations, carbanions, radicals, radical ions, carbenes, nitrenes, arynes, nitrenium ions, diradicals, etc. Nanosecond, picosecond, and femtosecond kinetic realms are explored, and applications of current dynamics and electronic structure calculations are examined. Reactive Intermediate Chemistry provides a deeper understanding of contemporary physical organic chemistry, and will assist chemists in the design of new reactions for the efficient synthesis of pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals, and agricultural products. Among its features, this authoritative volume is: Edited and authored by world-renowned leaders in physical organic chemistry. Ideal for use as a primary or supplemental graduate textbook for courses in mechanistic organic chemistry or physical chemistry. Enhanced by supplemental reading lists and summary overviews in each chapter.
Find an easier way to learn organic chemistry with Arrow-Pushing in Organic Chemistry: An Easy Approach to Understanding Reaction Mechanisms, a book that uses the arrow-pushing strategy to reduce this notoriously challenging topic to the study of interactions between organic acids and bases. Understand the fundamental reaction mechanisms relevant to organic chemistry, beginning with Sn2 reactions and progressing to Sn1 reactions and other reaction types. The problem sets in this book, an excellent supplemental text, emphasize the important aspects of each chapter and will reinforce the key ideas without requiring memorization.