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The Encyclopedia of Mineralogy provides comprehensive, basic treatment of the science of mineralogy. More than 140 articles by internationally known scholars and research workers describe specific areas of mineralogical interest, and a glossary of 3000 entries defines all valid mineral species and many related mineral names. In addition to traditional topics - descriptions of major structural groups, methods of mineral analysis, and the paragenesis of mineral species - this volume embraces such subjects as asbestiform minerals, minerals found in caves and in living beings, and gems and gemology. It includes current data on the latest in our geological inventories - lunar minerals. It describes the properties, characteristics, and uses of industrial resources such as abrasive materials and Portland cement. A directory will guide traveling mineralogists to the major mineralogical museums of the world, with their special interests noted. Clear technical illustrations supplement the text throughout. To help the student and professional find particular information there are a comprehensive subject index, extensive cross-references of related topics (whether in this volume or others in the series), and reference lists to background information and detailed advanced treatment of all topics. The Encyclopedia of Mineralogy is a valuable reference and source for professionals in all geological sciences, for science teachers at all levels, for collectors and `rock hounds', and for all who are curious about the minerals on earth or those brought back from outer space.
A modern up-to-date introduction for readers outside statistical physics. It puts emphasis on a clear understanding of concepts and methods and provides the tools that can be of immediate use in applications.
The study of cooperative phenomena is one of the dominant features of contem porary physics. Outside physics it has grown to a huge field of interdisciplinary investigation, involving all the natural sciences from physics via biology to socio logy. Yet, during the first few decades following the advent of quantum theory, the pursuit of the single particle or the single atom, as the case may be, has been so fascinating that only a small number of physicists have stressed the importance of collective behaviour. One outstanding personality among these few is Professor HERBERT FROHLICH. He has made an enormous contribution to the modern concept of cooperativity and has stimulated a whole generation of physicists. Therefore, it seemed to the editors very appropriate to dedicate a volume on "cooperative phenomena" to him on the occasion of his official retirement from his university duties. Nevertheless, in the course of carrying out this project, the editors have been somewhat amazed to find that they have covered the essentials of contemporary physics and its im pact on other scientific disciplines. It thus becomes clear how much HERBERT FROHLICH has inspired research workers and has acted as a stimulating discussion partner for others. FROHLICH is one of those exceptional scientists who have wor ked in quite different fields and given them an enormous impetus. Unfortunately, the number of scientists of such distinctive personality has been decreasing in our century.
This book presents an authoritative and in-depth treatment of potential energy landscape theory, a powerful analytical approach to describing the atomic and molecular interactions in condensed-matter phenomena. Drawing on the latest developments in the computational modeling of many-body systems, Frank Stillinger applies this approach to a diverse range of substances and systems, including crystals, liquids, glasses and other amorphous solids, polymers, and solvent-suspended biomolecules. Stillinger focuses on the topography of the multidimensional potential energy hypersurface created when a large number of atoms or molecules simultaneously interact with one another. He explains how the complex landscape topography separates uniquely into individual "basins," each containing a local potential energy minimum or "inherent structure," and he shows how to identify interbasin transition states—saddle points—that reside in shared basin boundaries. Stillinger describes how inherent structures and their basins can be classified and enumerated by depth, curvatures, and other attributes, and how those enumerations lead logically from vastly complicated multidimensional landscapes to properties observed in the real three-dimensional world. Essential for practitioners and students across a variety of fields, the book illustrates how this approach applies equally to systems whose nuclear motions are intrinsically quantum mechanical or classical, and provides novel strategies for numerical simulation computations directed toward diverse condensed-matter systems.
This NATO Advanced Study Institute, held in Geilo between March 29th and April 9th 1981, was the sixth in a series devoted to the subject of phase transitions and instabilities. The present institute was intended to provide a forum for discussion of the importance of nonlinear phenomena associated with instabilities in systems as seemingly disparate as ferroelectrics and rotating buckets of oil. Ten years ago, at the first Geilo school, the report of a central peak in the fluctuation spectrum of SrTi0 close to its 3 106 K structural phase transition demonstrated that the simple soft-mode theory of such transitions was incomplete. The missing ingredient was the essential nonlinearity of the system. Parti cipants at this year's Geilo school heard assessments of a decade of experimental and theoretical effort which has been expended to elucidate the nature of this nonlinearity. The importance of order ed clusters and the walls which bound them was stressed in this con text. A specific type of wall, the soliton, was discussed by a number of speakers. New experimental results which purport to demonstrate the existence of solitons in a one-dimensional ferromagnet were presented. A detailed discussion was given of the role of solitons in transport phenomena in driven multistable systems, typified by a sine-Gordon chain.
Supplements accompany some issues.
This book deals with the application of grazing angle x-ray and neutron scattering to the study of surface-induced critical phenomena. With the advent of even more advanced synchrotron radiation sources and new sophisticated instrumentation this novel technique is expected to experience a boom. The comprehensive and detailed presentation of theoretical and experimental aspects of the scattering of evanascent x-ray and neutron waves inside a solid makes this book particularly useful for tutorial courses. Particular emphasis is put on the use of this technique to extract microscopic information (correlation functions) from the real structure of a surface, from buried and magnetic interfaces and from surface roughness.
Contents:NQR in High Tc-Superconductors (M E Garcia & K H Bennemann)On the Critical Temperature of Superconductors from Eliashberg Theory (R Combescot)Defects, Oxygen Ordering and Properties of La-Cu-O and Ba-Bi-O Superconductors (B Dabrowski et al)From Schafroth Pairs to Cooper Pairs (C P Enz)Superconductivity with Local Attraction (R Micnas & S Robaszkiewicz)Quasiparticles in Doped Quantum Antiferromagnets (P Prelovsek et al)Cellular Automata (P Grassberger)Lattice Gas Cellular Automata Beyond the Boltzmann Equation (M H Ernst)A Lattice Gas Model for Orientational Ordering in Liquids (D A Huckaby & M Shinmi)Group Theory and Phases of Superfluid 3He (H W Capel)Fluctuation Theory of Invar Systems (D Wagner)and others Readership: Condensed matter physicists.