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The authors examine in detail the fundamentals and mathematical descriptions of the dynamics of automobiles. In this context different levels of complexity will be presented, starting with basic single-track models up to complex three-dimensional multi-body models. A particular focus is on the process of establishing mathematical models on the basis of real cars and the validation of simulation results. The methods presented are explained in detail by means of selected application scenarios.
Vehicle Dynamics and Control provides a comprehensive coverage of vehicle control systems and the dynamic models used in the development of these control systems. The control system applications covered in the book include cruise control, adaptive cruise control, ABS, automated lane keeping, automated highway systems, yaw stability control, engine control, passive, active and semi-active suspensions, tire-road friction coefficient estimation, rollover prevention, and hybrid electric vehicles. In developing the dynamic model for each application, an effort is made to both keep the model simple enough for control system design but at the same time rich enough to capture the essential features of the dynamics. A special effort has been made to explain the several different tire models commonly used in literature and to interpret them physically. In the second edition of the book, chapters on roll dynamics, rollover prevention and hybrid electric vehicles have been added, and the chapter on electronic stability control has been enhanced. The use of feedback control systems on automobiles is growing rapidly. This book is intended to serve as a useful resource to researchers who work on the development of such control systems, both in the automotive industry and at universities. The book can also serve as a textbook for a graduate level course on Vehicle Dynamics and Control.
The definitive book on tire mechanics by the acknowledged world expert - Covers everything you need to know about pneumatic tires and their impact on vehicle performance, including mathematic modeling and its practical application - Written by the acknowledged world authority on the topic and the name behind the most widely used model, Pacejka's 'Magic Formula' - Updated with the latest information on new and evolving tire models to ensure you can select the right model for your needs, apply it appropriately and understand its limitations In this well-known resource, leading tire model expert Hans Pacejka explains the relationship between operational variables, vehicle variables and tire modeling, taking you on a journey through the effective modeling of complex tire and vehicle dynamics problems. Covering the latest developments to Pacejka's own industry-leading model as well as the widely-used models of other pioneers in the field, the book combines theory, guidance, discussion and insight in one comprehensive reference. While the details of individual tire models are available in technical papers published by SAE, FISITA and other automotive organizations, Tire and Vehicle Dynamics remains the only reliable collection of information on the topic and the standard go-to resource for any engineer or researcher working in the area. - New edition of the definitive book on tire mechanics, by the acknowledged world authority on the topic - Covers everything an automotive engineer needs to know about pneumatic tires and their impact on vehicle performance, including mathematic modelling and its practical application - Most vehicle manufacturers use what is commonly known as Pacejka's 'Magic Formula', the tire model developed and presented in this book
Written by two of the most respected, experienced and well-known researchers and developers in the field (e.g., Kiencke worked at Bosch where he helped develop anti-breaking system and engine control; Nielsen has lead joint research projects with Scania AB, Mecel AB, Saab Automobile AB, Volvo AB, Fiat GM Powertrain AB, and DaimlerChrysler. Reflecting the trend to optimization through integrative approaches for engine, driveline and vehicle control, this valuable book enables control engineers to understand engine and vehicle models necessary for controller design and also introduces mechanical engineers to vehicle-specific signal processing and automatic control. Emphasis on measurement, comparisons between performance and modelling, and realistic examples derive from the authors’ unique industrial experience . The second edition offers new or expanded topics such as diesel-engine modelling, diagnosis and anti-jerking control, and vehicle modelling and parameter estimation. With only a few exceptions, the approaches
Vehicle dynamics and stability have been of considerable interest for a number of years. The obvious dilemma is that people naturally desire to drive faster and faster yet expect their vehicles to be “infinitely” stable and safe during all normal and emergency maneuvers. For the most part, people pay little attention to the limited handling potential of their vehicles until some unusual behavior is observed that often results in accidents and even fatalities. This book presents several model-based estimation methods which involve information from current potential-integrable sensors. Improving vehicle control and stabilization is possible when vehicle dynamic variables are known. The fundamental problem is that some essential variables related to tire/road friction are difficult to measure because of technical and economical reasons. Therefore, these data must be estimated. It is against this background, that this book’s objective is to develop estimators in order to estimate the vehicle’s load transfer, the sideslip angle, and the vertical and lateral tire/road forces using a roll model. The proposed estimation processes are based on the state observer (Kalman filtering) theory and the dynamic response of a vehicle instrumented with standard sensors. These estimators are able to work in real time in normal and critical driving situations. Performances are tested using an experimental car in real driving situations. This is exactly the focus of this book, providing students, technicians and engineers from the automobile field with a theoretical basis and some practical algorithms useful for estimating vehicle dynamics in real-time during vehicle motion.
To resolve the urban transportation challenges like congestion, parking, fuel consumption, and pollution, narrow urban vehicles which are small in footprint and light in their gross weight are proposed. Apart from the narrow cabin design, these vehicles are featured by their active tilting system, which automatically tilts the cabin like a motorcycle during the cornering for comfort and safety improvements. Such vehicles have been manufactured and utilized in city commuter programs. However, there is no book that systematically discusses the mechanism, dynamics, and control of narrow tilting vehicles (NTVs). In this book, motivations for building NTVs and various tilting mechanisms designs are reviewed, followed by the study of their dynamics. Finally, control algorithms designed to fully utilize the potential of tilting mechanisms in narrow vehicles are discussed. Special attention is paid to an efficient use of the control energy for rollover mitigation, which greatly enhance the stability of NTVs with optimized operational costs.
In chassis development, the three aspects of safety, vehicle dynamics and ride comfort are at the top of the list of challenges to be faced. Addressing this triad of challenges becomes even more complex when the chassis is required to interact with assistance systems and other systems for fully automated driving. What is more, new demands are created by the introduction of modern electric and electronic architectures. All these requirements must be met by the chassis, together with its subsystems, the steering, brakes, tires and wheels. At the same time, all physical relationships and interactions have to be taken into account.
Multivariable Feedback Control: Analysis and Design, Second Edition presents a rigorous, yet easily readable, introduction to the analysis and design of robust multivariable control systems. Focusing on practical feedback control and not on system theory in general, this book provides the reader with insights into the opportunities and limitations of feedback control. Taking into account the latest developments in the field, this fully revised and updated second edition: * features a new chapter devoted to the use of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs); * presents current results on fundamental performance limitations introduced by RHP-poles and RHP-zeros; * introduces updated material on the selection of controlled variables and self-optimizing control; * provides simple IMC tuning rules for PID control; * covers additional material including unstable plants, the feedback amplifier, the lower gain margin and a clear strategy for incorporating integral action into LQG control; * includes numerous worked examples, exercises and case studies, which make frequent use of Matlab and the new Robust Control toolbox. Multivariable Feedback Control: Analysis and Design, Second Edition is an excellent resource for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses studying multivariable control. It is also an invaluable tool for engineers who want to understand multivariable control, its limitations, and how it can be applied in practice. The analysis techniques and the material on control structure design should prove very useful in the new emerging area of systems biology. Reviews of the first edition: "Being rich in insights and practical tips on controller design, the book should also prove to be very beneficial to industrial control engineers, both as a reference book and as an educational tool." Applied Mechanics Reviews "In summary, this book can be strongly recommended not only as a basic text in multivariable control techniques for graduate and undergraduate students, but also as a valuable source of information for control engineers." International Journal of Adaptive Control and Signal Processing