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The main purpose of Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) program is to study the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP), a deconfined state of matter believed to be created in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions. Heavy quarks, expected to be produced during the earlier stages of heavy ion collisions, serve as an important probe of the QGP. The following dissertation presents measurements of single muons resulting from the semileptonic decay of heavy avor quarks in the rapidity range of 1:4
J/Psi production has been measured by the PHENIX experiment, one of the two major experiments at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) in p + p, d + Au, Au + Au and Cu + Cu collisions at the center of mass energy per nucleon (sqrt {s_{NN}}) of 200 GeV. The analysis of the Cu + Cu data is the focus of this dissertation.
The PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory with its muon spectrometer has the ability to detect muons over the range of pseudorapidity 1:1
Abstract: A few microseconds after the Big Bang, the universe is believed to have existed in the form of a plasma composed of strongly interacting particles known as quarks and gluons. Although the quarks and gluons behave as asymptotically free particles in a Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP), free quarks and gluons have never been discovered in the laboratory. Experiments at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) aim to create conditions similar to the early universe by colliding heavy ions at the highest energies possible in the hope of observing a phase transition from a QGP into hadronic degrees of freedom. The response of the space time structure of the hot reaction zone created in a heavy ion collision to a phase transition is one of the many observables being studied at RHIC. Making use of the techniques of two particle intensity interferometry, also known as the HBT effect, the RHIC experiments are studying the space-time structure and dynamical properties of the region from which particles are emitted. A large spatial size and long duration of particle emission are the predicted signals for a phase transition from a QGP to a hadronic phase. In this thesis we present results on the first measurement of one dimensional K0[subscript s] K0[subscript s] interferometry by the STAR experiment at RHIC in central (small impact parameter) Au-Au collisions at center of mass energy of 200 GeV per nucleon pair. The lambda parameter, which is a measure of the sources chaoticity, is found to be consistent with unity confirming the fact that the source is mostly chaotic as measured by STAR using three particle correlations. Without taking into account the effect of the strong interaction, the invariant radius R inv is found to be large for the mean transverse mass M [subscript t] of the pair, which is about 980 MeV/c, compared to expectations from charged pion correlations at the same M [subscript t]. Including the effect of the strong interactions makes the radius parameter for the K0[subscript s] K0[subscript s] system fall within the charged pion M [subscript t] systematics. Our result serves as a valuable cross-check of charged pion measurements which are mainly affected by contributions from resonance decays and final state interactions. This is also an important first step towards a full three dimensional analysis of neutral kaon correlations as high statistics data from RHIC will be available in the near future.
This project determines the yield of strange quarks through measurements of KO-short mesons as well as Lambda and Anti-Lambda baryons in collisions of copper nuclei conducted at 22 GeV, one of RHIC's lowest collision energies. The measurement of strangeness production for varying ranges of beam energy contributes to the overall understanding of the phase diagram for nuclear matter. The relatively low collision energy aids in the search for a critical point in nuclear matter phase transition. This project compares strangeness yields and spectra with current results from collisions at other beam energies and system sizes to allow better understanding of the properties of nuclear matter in extreme conditions.
A search for the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) critical point was performed by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, using dynamical fluctuations of unlike particle pairs. Heavy ion collisions were studied over a large range of collision energies with homogeneous acceptance and excellent particle identification, covering a significant range in the QCD phase diagram where a critical point may be located. Dynamical K?, p?, and Kp fluctuations as measured by the STAR experiment in central 0–5% Au+Au collisions from center-of-mass collision energies √sNN=7.7 to 200 GeV are presented. The observable ?dyn was used to quantify the magnitude of the dynamical fluctuations in event-by-event measurements of the K?, p?, and Kp pairs. The energy dependences of these fluctuations from central 0–5% Au+Au collisions all demonstrate a smooth evolution with collision energy.