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Biofuels have recently attracted a lot of attention, mainly as alternative fuels for applications in energy generation and transportation. The utilization of biofuels in such controlled combustion processes has the great advantage of not depleting the limited resources of fossil fuels while leading to emissions of greenhouse gases and smoke particles similar to those of fossil fuels. On the other hand, a vast amount of biofuels are subjected to combustion in small-scale processes, such as for heating and cooking in residential dwellings, as well as in agricultural operations, such as crop residue removal and land clearing. In addition, large amounts of biomass are consumed annually during forest and savanna fires in many parts of the world. These types of burning processes are typically uncontrolled and unregulated. Consequently, the emissions from these processes may be larger compared to industrial-type operations. Aside from direct effects on human health, especially due to a sizeable fraction of the smoke emissions remaining inside residential homes, the smoke particles and gases released from uncontrolled biofuel combustion impose significant effects on the regional and global climate. Estimates have shown the majority of carbonaceous airborne particulate matter to be derived from the combustion of biofuels and biomass. “Production of Biofuels and Numerical Modelling of Chemical Combustion Systems” comprehensively overviews and includes in-depth technical research papers addressing recent progress in biofuel production and combustion processes. To be specific, this book contains sixteen high-quality studies (fifteen research papers and one review paper) addressing techniques and methods for bioenergy and biofuel production as well as challenges in the broad area of process modelling and control in combustion processes.
[CASTELLÀ] Teniendo en cuenta la importancia que posee la obtención de hidrógeno a partir de recursos ambientalmente sostenibles y especialmente renovables, la experimentación con diferentes catalizadores para el reformado por vapor de los principales componentes que conforman el bio-combustible procedente de la pirólisis rápida de biomasa se hace preponderante. En el presente estudio se determinó la eficacia de un catalizador de Cobalto como material activo a diferentes porcentajes (2%, 5% y 10%), sobre un soporte de CeO2, utilizando el método de precipitación por urea, para el reformado con vapor de acetona. Durante el proceso se realizaron reacciones a diferentes temperaturas en un rango comprendido entre 300 y 500oC, pruebas de carga incrementando los caudales de entrada desde 0,025 ml.min-1 hasta 0,2 ml.min-1, así como la variación de S/C (relación entre agua y acetona) de 1,66 a 7, con la finalidad de determinar el monolito catalítico idóneo, en el que se produce una mayor producción de hidrógeno y de forma estable. Finalmente se determinó la estabilidad del catalizador mediante una reacción continua en un periodo de tiempo de 28 horas. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el catalizador con un porcentaje de peso de 10% de Co, mostró una mayor selectividad a hidrógeno que fluctuó entre 67-78%, un rendimiento de 97,6% y una producción de hidrógeno de 19,30 ml.min-1 dentro de los primeros 40 minutos de experimentación. Tanto la producción y el rendimiento de hidrógeno decrecieron hasta ubicarse por encima del 54% al finalizar la prueba de estabilidad pasado el periodo de 28 horas.
This book discusses new trends in nanotechnology. It covers a wide range of topics starting from applications of nanomaterials in perovskite solar cells, pharmacy, and dentistry to self-assembled growth of GaN nanostructures on flexible metal foils by laser molecular beam epitaxy. It also includes other interesting topics such as advancement in carbon nanotubes; processing techniques, purification and industrial applications, metal di-chalcogenides for waste water treatment and recent advancement in nanostructured-based electrochemical genosensors for pathogen detection and many more. The book will be of great interest to researchers, professionals and students working in the areas of nanomaterials and nanotechnology.
In this book project, all the American Ceramic Society's Engineering Ceramics Division Mueller and Bridge Building Award Winners, the ICACC Plenary Speakers and the past Engineering Ceramics Division Chairs have been invited to write book chapters on a topic that is compatible with their technical interests and consistent with the scope of the book, which is to focus on the current status and future prospects of various technical topics related to engineering ceramics, advanced ceramics and composite materials. Topics include: Mechanical Behavior and Performance of Ceramics & Composites Non-Destructive Evaluation and Mechanical Testing of Engineering Ceramics Brittle and Composite Material Design Modern Fracture Mechanics of Ceramics Thermal/Environmental Barrier Coatings Advanced Ceramic Coatings for Functional Applications Advanced Ceramic Joining Technologies Ceramics for Machining, Friction, Wear, and Other Tribological Applications Ceramic Composites for High-Temperature Aerospace Structures and Propulsion Systems Thermal Protection Materials: From Retrospect to Foresight Carbon/Carbon Composites Ceramic-Matrix Composites for Lightweight Construction Ultra High-Temperature Ceramics (UHTC) Nanolaminated Ternary Carbides and Nitrides (MAX Phases) Ceramics for Heat Engine and Other Energy Related Applications Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) Armor Ceramics Next Generation Bioceramics Ceramics for Innovative Energy and Storage Systems Designing Ceramics for Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology Advanced Ceramic Processing and Manufacturing Technologies Engineering Porous Ceramics Thermal Management Materials and Technologies Geopolymers Advanced Ceramic Sensor Technology Advanced Ceramics and Composites for Nuclear and Fusion Applications Advanced Ceramic Technologies for Rechargeable Batteries