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CP violation is a well-established phenomenon in particle physics, but until 2001 it was only observed in kaons. In the last decade, several matter-antimatter asymmetries have been observed in neutral B mesons in line with the expectations of the Standard Model of the weak interaction. Direct CP violation is also expected in the decay rates of charged B+ mesons versus that of B- mesons, though the greatest effects are present in a decay that occurs just twice in 10 million decays. Such rarity requires huge samples to study and this is exactly what the LHC, and its dedicated B-physics experiment LHCb provide. This thesis presents an analysis of the first two years of LHCb data. The author describes the first observation of the rare decay, B- → DK-, D → π-K+ and the first observation of direct CP violation in this B decay. The work constitutes essential information on the experiment’s measurement of a fundamental parameter of the theory and stands as a benchmark against which subsequent analyses of this type will be compared.
This book takes a fresh approach to the teaching of discrete symmetries which are central to fundamental physics: mirror symmetry, matter/anti-matter symmetry, and time reversal. It is self-contained and includes detailed discussions of relevant experiments - conveying some of the fascination and intellectual challenges of experimental physics.
This thesis describes a high-quality, high-precision method for the data analysis of an interesting elementary particle reaction. The data was collected at the Japanese B-meson factory KEKB with the Belle detector, one of the most successful large-scale experiments worldwide. CP violation is a subtle quantum effect that makes the world look different when simultaneously left and right and matter and antimatter are exchanged. This being a prerequisite for our own world to have developed from the big bang, there are only a few experimental indications of such effects, and their detection requires very intricate techniques. The discovery of CP violation in B meson decays garnered Kobayashi and Maskawa, who had predicted these findings as early as 1973, the 2008 Nobel prize in physics. This thesis describes in great detail what are by far the best measurements of branching ratios and CP violation parameters in two special reactions with two charm mesons in the final state. It presents an in-depth but accessible overview of the theory, phenomenology, experimental setup, data collection, Monte Carlo simulations, (blind) statistical data analysis, and systematic uncertainty studies.
This 2nd edition is an extensive update of "B Decays?. The revisions are necessary because of the extensive amount of new data and new theoretical ideas. This book reviews what is known about b-quark decays and also looks at what can be learned in the future.The importance of this research area is increasing, as evidenced by the approval of the luminosity upgrade for CESR and the asymmetric B factories at SLAC and KEK, and the possibility of experiments at hadron colliders.The key experimental observations made thus far, measurement of the lifetimes of the different B species, B0-B0 mixing, the discovery of ?Penguin? mediated decays, and the extraction of the CKM matrix elements Vub and Vcb from semileptonic decays, as well as more mundane results, are described in great detail by the experimentalists who have been closely involved with making the measurements. Theoretical progress in understanding b-quark decays using HQET and lattice gauge techniques are described by theorists who have developed and used these techniques.Synthesizing the experimental and theoretical information, several articles discuss the implications for the ?Standard Model? and how further tests can be done using measurements of CP violation in the B system.
This proceedings contains a series of pedagogical lectures on CP Violation.
This volume reviews the recent progress of B physics, and discusses theoretical and experimental aspects of the physics which will be explored at the B factory. CP violation and new physics beyond the Standard Model are the main issues of the discussion.
This volume contains lectures presented at the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Annual Hampton University Graduate Studies at the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (HUGS at CEBAF) Summer Schools. The HUGS summer school brings pedagogical lectures to graduate students who are working on doctoral theses in nuclear physics. It has a balance of theory and experiment, and lecturers address topics of high current interest in strong interaction physics, particularly in electron scattering. Many HUGS lecturers lead major experimental efforts, and are internationally renowned for their contributions to the field.The proceedings have been selected for coverage in:• Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings (ISTP CDROM version / ISI Proceedings)• CC Proceedings — Engineering & Physical Sciences
The violation of charge-conjugation and parity symmetries is a leading area of research in particle and nuclear physics, with important implications for understanding the generation of matter in the universe. This book provides a self-contained introduction and is designed to bring beginning researchers to the forefront of the field.
Contents:CPT, SSB, Ether, and All That (Y Nambu)Sub-Millimeter Tests of the Gravitational Inverse Square Law (E G Adelberger)Test of CPT and Lorentz Invariance from Muonium Spectroscopy (D Kawall et al.)Study of CPT Violation at BELLE (Y Sakai)Tests of CPT and Lorentz Symmetry Using Hydrogen and Noble-Gas Masers (R L Walsworth)CPT and Lorentz Tests with Clocks in Space (N E Russell)CPT Results from KTeV (H Nguyen)Physical Instances of Noncommuting Coordinates (R Jackiw)Torsion Balance Tests of Spin Coupled Forces (B R Heckel)Prospects for Symmetry Breaking in String Theory (R Potting)Cold Antihydrogen and CPT (G Gabrielse et al.)and other papers Readership: Theoretical and experimental physicists with an interest in relativity and space-time symmetries. Keywords:
This book provides a unified description of elementary particle interactions and the underlying theories, namely the Standard Model and beyond. The authors have aimed at a concise presentation but have taken care that all the basic concepts are clearly described. Written primarily for graduate students in theoretical and experimental particle physics, The Physics of the Standard Model and Beyond conveys the excitement of particle physics, centering upon experimental observations (new and old) and a variety of ideas for their interpretation. Contents: Weak Interaction; Symmetries and the Gauge Theories; The Standard Model of Electroweak Interactions; Quantum Chromodynamics; Neutrino Masses and Neutrino Oscillations; Supersymmetry; Precision Test of Electroweak Radiative Corrections and New Physics; Flavor Physics and CP Violation; Appendices: Notation and Useful Relations; Cross Sections and Feynman Rule; Basics of the Group Theory; C, P and T Transformation; The Quark Model. Readership: Graduate students, experimentalists and theorists in high energy physics.