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Abstract: Information on obesity is presented for health professionals and researchers. Three major aspects are addressed: procedures for measuring obesity in humans; incidence of obesity throughout the life cycle; and prevention and treatment of obesity. Muscle development and cardiovascular changes in the obese are discussed and intergenerational continuities and changes in obesity are examined. The accumulation of environmental contaminants (xenobiotics) in adipose tissue and their mobilization during weight reduction are described. The relevance of fat cell size and number with respect to infant, childhood, adolescent, and adult obesity is considered, along with the relationship of obesity to longevity and disease. Other topics explored include genetic and environmental factors influencing obesity, risk/benefit approaches to therapy, and new advances in dietary and surgical treatments for weight control and reduction. (nm).
Obesity is a hugely expensive and increasing problem worldwide,leading to disability, reproductive problems, depression andaccelerated metabolic and vascular diseases in a large proportionof men, women and children. The ABC of Obesity is a newguide which will aid its effective management, addressing issuessuch as dieting, exercise, self esteem, drug treatment and surgery.Recent evidence is used to highlight frequent problems, successfultreatment options, and the most common causes. Written by leading experts, this is a widely accessible text andan indispensable guide for all general practitioners, juniordoctors, nurses, and other healthcare professionals who areinvolved in the treatment and research of this commoncondition.
Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Abdominal Obesity focuses on the important roles that exercise, dietary changes, and foods play in promoting as well as reducing visceral fat. Nutritionists, dieticians, and healthcare providers seeking to address the abdominal obesity epidemic will use this comprehensive resource as a tool in their long-term goal of preventing chronic diseases, especially heart, vascular, and diabetic diseases. Experts from a broad range of disciplines are involved in dealing with the consequences of excessive abdominal fat: cardiology, diabetes research, studies of lipids, endocrinology and metabolism, nutrition, obesity, and exercise physiology. They have contributed chapters that define a range of dietary approaches to reducing risk and associated chronic diseases. They begin by defining visceral obesity and its major outcomes; they also discuss the importance and the challenges of dietary approaches to reduce abdominal obesity, as compared to clinical approaches, with major costs and risks. Offers detailed, well-documented reviews outlining the various dietary approaches to visceral obesity with their benefits and failures Includes chapters on types of foods, exercise, and supplements in reducing obesity and its chronic clinical companions, especially diabetes and cardiovascular disease Helps nutritionists, dieticians, and healthcare providers approach patients in making decision about nutritional therapies and clinical treatments for abdominal obesity, from an evidence-based perspective
Presents the State-of-the-Art in Fat Taste TransductionA bite of cheese, a few potato chips, a delectable piece of bacon - a small taste of high-fat foods often draws you back for more. But why are fatty foods so appealing? Why do we crave them? Fat Detection: Taste, Texture, and Post Ingestive Effects covers the many factors responsible for the se
Examines the disease of obesity and its metabolic consequences. Explores obesity in relation to physiological and psychological health, and describes the clinical aspects of properly evaluating obese patients. Discusses the roles of dietary factors, appetite, exercise, metabolism, and the endocrine system in obesity, as well as the effects of significant weight loss on long-term health. Also discusses the psychology of obesity, weight loss, and regain. Provides practitioners with detailed guidelines for selecting and implementing multidisciplinary treatment that incorporates dietary intervention, exercise, behavior modification and stress management, and, when necessary, surgery or pharmacotherapy. Emphasizes matching patients with clinical interventions and treatment settings, and presents strategies for maintaining weight loss. Illustrates how to design interventions appropriate for the hospital, physician's office, clinic, home and workplace, and how to integrate different types of interventions in multiple settings. Written for physicians, dietitians, phychiatrists,
The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared obesity a global epidemic. Its prevalence has more than doubled since 1980, causing a myriad of health problems for children and adults. Obesity: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Prevention, Second Edition explores the molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology leading to obesity and metabolic disorders. It examines the safety of obesity drugs and drug development strategies as well as the role of physical activity, nutrition, and nutraceutical supplements in obesity treatment and prevention. With contributions from a cadre of internationally known experts, the book covers a spectrum of essential topics related to this widespread phenomenon, including: The relationship between obesity and type 2 diabetes The addiction mechanism related to refined foods as a significant factor in obesity The correlation between obesity and environmental estrogens, endocrine disruption, cigarette smoking, and inflammatory response The role of drug and chemical toxicities and genomic imprinting disorders in obesity The safety and regulation of prescription and over-the-counter weight loss drugs Various diets, the glycemic index, and the role of exercise in treating or preventing obesity Controversy over effective vs. banned weight loss supplements Childhood obesity and its prevention Bariatric surgery for weight management and reversal of metabolic disorders As the public has become more aware of the deadly adverse effects of obesity, numerous products and programs have targeted the overweight and obese population, many with dangerous side effects. It is essential that we develop strategic, therapeutic intervention supported by credible data. This volume is an ideal reference point for researchers looking for new avenues of inquiry and practicing medical professionals, clinical nutritionists, and dietitians seeking guidance for their patients.

Weighing the Options

Committee to Develop Criteria for Evaluating the Outcomes of Approaches to Prevent and Treat Obesity

Published: 1995-03-15

Total Pages: 297


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Nearly one out of every three adults in America is obese and tens of millions of people in the United States are dieting at any one time. This has resulted in a weight-loss industry worth billions of dollars a year and growing. What are the long-term results of weight-loss programs? How can people sort through the many programs available and select one that is right for them? Weighing the Options strives to answer these questions. Despite widespread public concern about weight, few studies have examined the long-term results of weight-loss programs. One reason that evaluating obesity management is difficult is that no other treatment depends so much on an individual's own initiative and state of mind. Now, a distinguished group of experts assembled by the Institute of Medicine addresses this compelling issue. Weighing the Options presents criteria for evaluating treatment programs for obesity and explores what these criteria mean--to health care providers, program designers, researchers, and even overweight people seeking help. In presenting its criteria the authors offer a wealth of information about weight loss: how obesity is on the rise, what types of weight-loss programs are available, how to define obesity, how well we maintain weight loss, and what approaches and practices appear to be most successful. Information about weight-loss programs--their clients, staff qualifications, services, and success rates--necessary to make wise program choices is discussed in detail. The book examines how client demographics and characteristics--including health status, knowledge of weight-loss issues, and attitude toward weight and body image--affect which programs clients choose, how successful they are likely to be with their choices, and what this means for outcome measurement. Short- and long-term safety consequences of weight loss are discussed as well as clinical assessment of individual patients. The authors document the health risks of being overweight, summarizing data indicating that even a small weight loss reduces the risk of disease and depression and increases self-esteem. At the same time, weight loss has been associated with some poor outcomes, and the book discusses the implications for program evaluation. Prevention can be even more important than treatment. In Weighing the Options, programs for population groups, efforts targeted to specific groups at high risk for obesity, and prevention of further weight gain in obese individuals get special attention. This book provides detailed guidance on how the weight-loss industry can improve its programs to help people be more successful at long-term weight loss. And it provides consumers with tips on selecting a program that will improve their chances of permanently losing excess weight.
Obesity is one of the relevant public health concerns and it is evident that body weight control is achieved through highly integrated physiological interactions like nutrient selection. Presenting an account of the roles of specific peptides in energy balance, this title provides an understanding of the patho-physiology of energy balance.
The first book to address nutrition's complex role in biology Nutrition has long been considered more the domain of medicine and agriculture than of the biological sciences, yet it touches and shapes all aspects of the natural world. The need for nutrients determines whether wild animals thrive, how populations evolve and decline, and how ecological communities are structured. The Nature of Nutrition is the first book to address nutrition's enormously complex role in biology, both at the level of individual organisms and in their broader ecological interactions. Stephen Simpson and David Raubenheimer provide a comprehensive theoretical approach to the analysis of nutrition—the Geometric Framework. They show how it can help us to understand the links between nutrition and the biology of individual animals, including the physiological mechanisms that determine the nutritional interactions of the animal with its environment, and the consequences of these interactions in terms of health, immune responses, and lifespan. Simpson and Raubenheimer explain how these effects translate into the collective behavior of groups and societies, and in turn influence food webs and the structure of ecosystems. Then they demonstrate how the Geometric Framework can be used to tackle issues in applied nutrition, such as the problem of optimizing diets for livestock and endangered species, and how it can also help to address the epidemic of human obesity and metabolic disease. Drawing on a wealth of examples from slime molds to humans, The Nature of Nutrition has important applications in ecology, evolution, and physiology, and offers promising solutions for human health, conservation, and agriculture.