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Excerpt from Norvelt and Penn-Craft, Pennsylvania, Subsistence-Homestead Communities of the 1930s The coal region of Westmoreland and Fayette counties in western Pennsylvania is located on the hilly terrain of the western slope of the Allegheny Mountains. The coal bed underneath the surface is complemented by a topsoil rich in lime and suitable for farming. Superceding an agricultural tradition begun in colonial times, the coal-mining industry developed in the late nineteenth century. Americans who had lived in Pennsylvania for generations were joined by more recent immigrants from Eastern Europe to extract bituminous coal needed to fuel America's industries. Farmland gave way to coal mines and coke ovens, and towns with regular rows of two-story frame dwellings were constructed by coal companies to house the growing work force. When the coal industry faltered in the 1920s, western Pennsylvania-particularly Westmoreland and Fayette counties-was hard hit. As broad-reaching relief efforts, the New Deal-era communities of Norvelt and penn-craft were planned to provide a new way of life. Built as subsistence homesteads, the communities were designed to give each family a few acres of land to farm for their own consumption. Cooperative farms and industries were developed to provide employment. Physically, the new towns stood in stark contrast to the company towns. Using curvilinear streets, multiple house plans, and historic building traditions, Norvelt and penn-craft are conspicuous in the landscape as carefully planned communities. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
In 1933, the town of Norvelt became the fourth of 99 planned subsistence homestead communities subsidized by the federal government as part of the National Industrial Recovery Act for dislocated miners and industrial workers. The American Field Service Committee was recruited to implement and build the subsistence project and established a work camp in the summer of 1934. More than 1,850 people applied for 250 lots, and the first 1,200 homesteaders helped build their own homes on a lease-to-purchase agreement. Homes were equipped with a grape arbor, 3.4 acres of land, and chicken coops. Cooperatively, homesteaders established community garden plots and raised livestock, hogs, and chickens. A format of cultural, political, and religious expression was provided to the residents, and through vintage photographs Norvelt: A New Deal Subsistence Homestead celebrates the remarkable life transformation the homesteaders were able to experience during the town's formative years.
Explores the history of Norvelt, Pennsylvania, originally known as Westmoreland Homesteads, which was founded in 1934 as part of the New Deal homestead subsistence program.
The links the conservative Right has sought to forge beyond the national over the last century have been too often neglected, and this volume sheds new light on transnationalism, the Right, and the ways the two interact.
In the early 1960s, American conservatives seemed to have fallen on hard times. McCarthyism was on the run, and movements on the political left were grabbing headlines. The media lampooned John Birchers's accusations that Dwight Eisenhower was a communist puppet. Mainstream America snickered at warnings by California Congressman James B. Utt that "barefooted Africans" were training in Georgia to help the United Nations take over the country. Yet, in Utt's home district of Orange County, thousands of middle-class suburbanites proceeded to organize a powerful conservative movement that would land Ronald Reagan in the White House and redefine the spectrum of acceptable politics into the next century. Suburban Warriors introduces us to these people: women hosting coffee klatches for Barry Goldwater in their tract houses; members of anticommunist reading groups organizing against sex education; pro-life Democrats gradually drawn into conservative circles; and new arrivals finding work in defense companies and a sense of community in Orange County's mushrooming evangelical churches. We learn what motivated them and how they interpreted their political activity. Lisa McGirr shows that their movement was not one of marginal people suffering from status anxiety, but rather one formed by successful entrepreneurial types with modern lifestyles and bright futures. She describes how these suburban pioneers created new political and social philosophies anchored in a fusion of Christian fundamentalism, xenophobic nationalism, and western libertarianism. While introducing these rank-and-file activists, McGirr chronicles Orange County's rise from "nut country" to political vanguard. Through this history, she traces the evolution of the New Right from a virulent anticommunist, anti-establishment fringe to a broad national movement nourished by evangelical Protestantism. Her original contribution to the social history of politics broadens—and often upsets—our understanding of the deep and tenacious roots of popular conservatism in America.