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Scientific Study from the year 2013 in the subject Engineering - Civil Engineering, grade: -, University of Weimar, course: Cable Stayed Bridges, language: English, abstract: In this research, many models of a cable stayed bridge were generated using ABAQUS finite element commercial software for the purpose of proceeding with nonlinear design optimization on the shape and topology of the structure. The cable stayed bridge models in all cases are with a constant length and width for the deck, also the pylons height under and above the deck is constant, but the shape of stay cables arrangement varies to three main famous arrangements which are Fan, Semi harp and Harp.In addition to change in the pylons shape which are three known shapes Double out, Single Center and Single inclined out, and it is worthy to mention that in all cases of the shape optimization of the pylons , the stay cables arrangements are Fan style, andby governing computational nonlinear optimization process on the finite element models in all cases of shape and topology optimization through using static general step for analysis and a certain meshing type with global seeding size for the Beam elements, with a fixed and pinned boundary conditions for the deck supports and fixed boundary for the pylons.Concentrated static loads assigned on the same positions on the deck for all models cases. A numerical optimization and graphical simulation of the results were used to determine many responsesin the model cases which areReactions, Deflections and Mises stresses in the structural models of the cable stayed bridge, especially at the deck, pylons and the stay cables which are the main components of the structure, also the same step in the deck and pylons supportshas been done for optimization outputs. It is apparent and clear that the cable stayed model with the Fan arrangement of the stay cables showed efficiency and the best topological model case for the structural design optimization that involved a safe, robust, rigid, and safe for the design of cable stayed bridges. The pylon shape with double out case was the best design situation compared with the other two models single center and single inclined out shapes, this point was obvious in the reactions, deflections and Mises stresses for the deck supports and the deck itself, and as a result the Double out with a Fan shape arrangement of the cable stays is the best model for the design of cable stayed bridges to resist the static loads.
The use of novel materials and new structural concepts nowadays is not restricted to highly technical areas like aerospace, aeronautical applications or the automotive industry, but affects all engineering fields including those such as civil engineering and architecture. The included contributions highlight the latest developments in design and manufacturing. Most high-performance structures require the development of a generation of new materials, which can more easily resist a range of external stimuli or react in a non-conventional manner. Particular emphasis is placed on intelligent structures and materials as well as the application of computational methods for their modelling, control and management. The book also addresses the topic of design optimisation. Contributions cover numerical methods, different optimisation techniques and new software. Optimisation problems include those related to the size, shape and topology of structures and materials. Optimisation techniques have much to offer to those involved in the design of new industrial products, as the appearance of powerful commercial computer codes has created a fertile field for the incorporation of optimisation in the design process of all engineering disciplines. The performance of structures under shock and impact loads is another area covered. The increasing need to protect civilian infrastructure and industrial facilities against unintentional loads arising from accidental impact and explosion events as well as terrorist attacks is reflected in the sustained interest worldwide. While advances have been made in recent decades, many challenges remain, such as developing more effective and efficient blast and impact mitigation approaches or assessing the uncertainties associated with large and small scale testing and validation of numerical and analytical models. The overall aim is to move towards a better understanding of the critical issues relating to the testing behaviour, modelling and analyses of protective structures against blast and impact loading. The studies contained in this volume were presented at the International Conference on High Performance and Optimum Structures and Materials Encompassing Shock and Impact Loading and address issues involving advanced types of structures, particularly those based on new concepts, and shock and impact resistance.
Throughout the past few years, there has been extensive research done on structural design in terms of optimization methods or problem formulation. But, much of this attention has been on the linear elastic structural behavior, under static loading condition. Such a focus has left researchers scratching their heads as it has led to vulnerable structural configurations. What researchers have left out of the equation is the element of seismic loading. It is essential for researchers to take this into account in order to develop earthquake resistant real-world structures. Structural Seismic Design Optimization and Earthquake Engineering: Formulations and Applications focuses on the research around earthquake engineering, in particular, the field of implementation of optimization algorithms in earthquake engineering problems. Topics discussed within this book include, but are not limited to, simulation issues for the accurate prediction of the seismic response of structures, design optimization procedures, soft computing applications, and other important advancements in seismic analysis and design where optimization algorithms can be implemented. Readers will discover that this book provides relevant theoretical frameworks in order to enhance their learning on earthquake engineering as it deals with the latest research findings and their practical implementations, as well as new formulations and solutions.
Fourteen years on from its last edition, Cable Supported Bridges: Concept and Design, Third Edition, has been significantly updated with new material and brand new imagery throughout. Since the appearance of the second edition, the focus on the dynamic response of cable supported bridges has increased, and this development is recognised with two new chapters, covering bridge aerodynamics and other dynamic topics such as pedestrian-induced vibrations and bridge monitoring. This book concentrates on the synthesis of cable supported bridges, suspension as well as cable stayed, covering both design and construction aspects. The emphasis is on the conceptual design phase where the main features of the bridge will be determined. Based on comparative analyses with relatively simple mathematical expressions, the different structural forms are quantified and preliminary optimization demonstrated. This provides a first estimate on dimensions of the main load carrying elements to give in an initial input for mathematical computer models used in the detailed design phase. Key features: Describes evolution and trends within the design and construction of cable supported bridges Describes the response of structures to dynamic actions that have attracted growing attention in recent years Highlights features of the different structural components and their interaction in the entire structural system Presents simple mathematical expressions to give a first estimate on dimensions of the load carrying elements to be used in an initial computer input This comprehensive coverage of the design and construction of cable supported bridges provides an invaluable, tried and tested resource for academics and engineers.
Experts in the field provide a state-of-the-art treatment of multi-cable stay systems, segmental concrete construction, composite concrete and steel construction, parallel strand stays, and alternate designs. New edition emphasizes US bridges.
Cable–stayed Bridges describes the evolution, theory and design of cable–stayed bridges, examining the various types, structural details, methods of analysis and the aerodynamic stability of structures. This new second edition includes substantial new material on the rapid developments which have occurred since the book was first published. These include a number of new systems, additional data on nonlinear analysis and torsional analysis, and a review of existing computer programs for the numerical analysis of the structural systems of cable–stayed bridges
Detailing a number of structural analysis problems such as residual welding stresses and distortions and behaviour of thin-walled rods loaded in bending, this text also explores mathematical function minimization methods, expert systems and optimum design of welded box beams.
This book helps designers and manufacturers to select and develop the most suitable and competitive steel structures, which are safe, fit for production and economic. An optimum design system is used to find the best characteristics of structural models, which guarantee the fulfilment of design and fabrication requirements and minimize the cost function. Realistic numerical models are used as main components of industrial steel structures. Chapter 1 containts some experiences with the optimum design of steel structures Chapter 2 treats some newer mathematical optimization methods. Chapter 3 gives formulae for fabrication times and costs. Chapters 4 deals with beams and columns. Summarizes the Eurocode rules for design. Chapter 5 deals with the design of tubular trusses. Chapter 6 gives the design of frame structures and fire-resistant design rules for a frame. In Chapters 7 some minimum cost design problems of stiffened and cellular plates and shells are worked out for cases of different stiffenings and loads. Chapter 8 gives a cost comparison of cylindrical and conical shells. The book contains a large collection of literatures and a subject list and a name index.
This book presents selected articles from the 5th International Conference on Geotechnics, Civil Engineering Works and Structures, held in Ha Noi, focusing on the theme “Innovation for Sustainable Infrastructure”, aiming to not only raise awareness of the vital importance of sustainability in infrastructure development but to also highlight the essential roles of innovation and technology in planning and building sustainable infrastructure. It provides an international platform for researchers, practitioners, policymakers and entrepreneurs to present their recent advances and to exchange knowledge and experience on various topics related to the theme of “Innovation for Sustainable Infrastructure”.
The need for large-scale bridges is constantly growing due to the enormous infrastructure development around the world. Since the 1970s many of them have been cable-stayed bridges. In 1975 the largest span length was 404 m, in 1995 it increased to 856 m, and today it is 1104 m. Thus the economically efficient range of cable-stayed bridges is tending to move towards even larger spans, and cable-stayed bridges are increasingly the focus of interest worldwide. This book describes the fundamentals of design analysis, fabrication and construction, in which the author refers to 250 built examples to illustrate all aspects. International or national codes and technical regulations are referred to only as examples, such as bridges that were designed to German DIN, Eurocode, AASHTO, British Standards. The chapters on cables and erection are a major focus of this work as they represent the most important difference from other types of bridges. The examples were chosen from the bridges in which the author was personally involved, or where the consulting engineers, Leonhardt, Andrä and Partners (LAP), participated significantly. Other bridges are included for their special structural characteristics or their record span lengths. The most important design engineers are also presented. Note: The lecture videos which are attached to the print book on DVD are not part of the e-book.