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Primary Healthcare in Nigeria: Overview, Challenges, and Prospects is a well-intended effort to explore the current health system in Nigeria in the context of the 21st Century. It provides a historical background to the Nigerian healthcare system, identifies the major challenges, and provides rich information on how to improve the health care system in Nigeria. It brings into focus Nigeria's struggle to improve primary healthcare delivery and how those efforts have not improved the peoples' health in Nigeria. It also explains how the lack of effective primary healthcare delivery system promotes medical tourism and causes loss of national revenue to foreign health care systems. This book clearly identifies basic challenges affecting healthcare delivery such as poor infrastructure, underfunding, lack of research and community involvement, inadequate labor force management and development, lack of true leadership and accountability in public office, poor health promotion and education strategies, and a fragile public-private sector partnership in healthcare delivery. Primary Healthcare in Nigeria draws examples from other countries which have improved their health systems to show that the solutions to Nigeria's healthcare problems rest in the hands of leadership committed to the nation's good and wellness. Primary Healthcare in Nigeria: Overview, Challenges, and Prospects is intended to give public health students a clearer perspective about Nigeria's health system and how it impacts peoples' lifespan, wellness, and national development. It is also a good resource for public health professionals to understand and embrace the global view of public health, and then challenges them to work toward a better healthcare delivery system. This book is organized in chapters and focuses essentially on: The historical origin of Nigeria's healthcare system Meaning of a healthcare system The Concept of Access to Health care Challenges and prospects of the primary he
This paper, based on quantitative surveys at the level of primary health care facilities, health care personnel, and households in their vicinity, aims at understanding the performance of primary health care providers in four states in Nigeria. As possible ways to improve performance, the paper concludes that clearly defining lines of responsibility, implementing performance-based financing of local governments and providers, and collecting, analyzing, and sharing information are some options that can help realign incentives and improve accountability in the service delivery chain and service provision. This working paper was produced as part of the World Bank s Africa Region Health Systems for Outcomes (HSO) Program. The Program, funded by the World Bank, the Government of Norway, the Government of the United Kingdom, and the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI), focuses on strengthening health systems in Africa to reach the poor and achieve tangible results related to Health, Nutrition, and Population. The main pillars and focus of the program center on knowledge and capacity building related to Human Resources for Health, Health Financing, Pharma-ceuticals, Governance and Service Delivery, and Infrastructure and ICT.
The delivery of quality primary health care (PHC) services can have a large impact on the health of Nigerians. This study aims mainly at understanding the performance of primary health care providers and the variables driving this performance. The study is primarily based on quantitative surveys at the level of primary health care facilities, health care personnel, and households in their vicinity. These surveys were implemented in four states: Bauchi, Cross River, Kaduna, and Lagos. The purpose of this study is three fold: (i) to contribute to the evidence base of the Federal Government's health system reform efforts; (ii) to inform the Bank's and Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) sector policy dialogue with the Government; and (iii) to inform the current and eventual health support programs of both donors at state level. This study represents the second phase of the Nigeria Health, Nutrition, and Population Country Status Report (CSR). The first phase aimed at analyzing the health situation of the poor and how the health system was performing in terms of meeting their needs. This first phase identified primary health care as the weakest chain in the entire health sector and the level of care the poor use the most. This second phase of the CSR is therefore focused on the analysis of the delivery of PHC services. In contrast to the first phase, this study is mainly based on primary data, data collected through facility, health personnel, and household surveys. This study is focused in the collection of information not previously available, such as detailed roles and responsibilities of the Local Government Area (LGA) and states and community perceptions of PHC services. This study is also to support on-going or eventual health support programs of CIDA and the World Bank at the state level.
Case Study from the year 2020 in the subject Health - Health system, , language: English, abstract: The study attempts to explore the impact and challenges of PHC delivery system with the intension of generating data for policy and planning. The goal of primary health care (PHC) was to provide accessible health for all by the year 2020 and beyond. Unfortunately, this is yet to be achieved in Nigeria and seems to be unrealistic in the next decade. The PHC aims at providing people of the world with the basic health services. Though PHC centers were established in both rural and urban areas in Nigeria with the intention of equity and easy access, regrettably, the rural populations in Nigeria are seriously underserved when compared with their urban counterparts. About two-thirds of Nigerians reside in rural areas therefore they deserve to be served with all the components of PHC. Primary health care, which is supposed to be the bedrock of the country's health care policy, is currently catering for less than 20% of the potential patients. While most PHC facilities are in various state of disrepair, with equipment and infrastructure being either absent or obsolete, the referral system is almost non-existent. The goal of the National Health Policy (1987) is to bring about a comprehensive health care system, based on primary health care that is promotive, protective, preventive, restorative and rehabilitative to all citizens within the available resources so that individuals and communities are assured of productivity, social well- being and enjoyment of living. The health services, based on PHC, include among other things: education concerning prevailing health problems and the methods of preventing and controlling them, promotion of food supply and proper nutrition, material and child care, including family planning immunization against the major infectious diseases, prevention and control of locally endemic and epidemic diseases and provision of essential drugs and supplies. The provision of health care at PHC level is largely the responsibility of local governments with the support of state ministries of health and within the overall national health policy. Private medical practitioners also provide health care at this level.
The global health community is broadly in agreement that achievement of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) hinges upon both an escalation of the financial resources dedicated to primary health care (PHC) and a more effective use of those resources: more money, better spent. This book introduces and explicates the end-to-end resource tracking and management (RTM) framework, which includes five components that determine effective and efficient financing for PHC: resource mobilization, allocation, utilization, productivity, and targeting.In addition, this book compiles detailed results from the most recent RTM-based resource tracking efforts for PHC in selected countries. This is to demonstrate how the RTM framework can be used to bring a set of separate resource tracking efforts at different stages of flow of funds into a comprehensive process with an end-to-end 'storyline'. In order to build a functional PHC system that addresses access, quality, and equity issues, this book highlights the key (public) financing issues that researchers, technical advisors, and policy makers would need to address in addition to more resources.
Reliable information on how health service strategies affect the poor is in short supply. In an attempt to redress the imbalance, 'Improving Health Service Delivery in Developing Countries' presents evidence on strategies for strengthening health service delivery, based on systematic reviews of the literature, quantitative and qualitative analyses of existing data, and seven country case studies. The authors also explore how changes in coverage of different health services affect each other on the national level. Finally, the authors explain why setting international targets for health services has been not been successful and offer an alternative approach based on a specific country's experience.The book's findings are clear and hopeful: There are many ways to improve health services. Measuring change and using information to guide decisions and inform stakeholders are critically important for successful implementation. Asking difficult questions, using information intelligently, and involving key stakeholders and institutions are central to the "learning and doing" practices that underlie successful health service delivery.
Almost half a century ago, policy leaders issued the Declaration of Alma Ata and embraced the promise of health for all through primary health care (PHC). That vision has inspired generations. Countries throughout the world—rich and poor—have struggled to build health systems anchored in strong PHC where they were needed most. The world has waited long enough for high-performing PHC to become more than an aspiration; it is now time to deliver. The COVID-19 (Coronavirus) pandemic has facilitated the reckoning for that shared failure—but it has also created a once-in-a-generation opportunity for transformational health system changes. The pandemic has shown policy makers and ordinary citizens why health systems matter and what happens when they fail. Bold reforms now can prepare health systems for future crises and bring goals such as universal health coverage within reach. PHC holds the key to these transformations. To fulfill that promise, however, the walk has to finally match the talk. Walking the Talk: Reimagining Primary Health Care after COVID-19 outlines how to get there. It charts an agenda to reimagined, fit-for-purpose PHC. It asks three questions about health systems reform built around PHC: Why? What? How? The characteristics of high-performing PHC are precisely those that are most critical for managing the pressures coming to bear on health systems in the post-COVID world. The challenges include future outbreaks and other emergent threats, as well as long-term structural trends that are reshaping the environments in which systems operate in noncrisis times. Walking the Talk highlights three sets of megatrends that will increasingly affect health systems in the coming decades: • Demographic and epidemiological shifts • Changes in technology • Citizens’ evolving expectations for health care. Reimagined PHC systems will be equipped through optimized system design, financing, and delivery to ensure high-quality services, care to address patients’ needs, fairness and accountability, and resilient systems.
The modern-day practice of health care was imported into Nigeria over 500 years ago. In 1947, the first national health plan was developed in Nigeria with the primary goal of providing universal health care (UHC), but this goal remains elusive to date. This comprehensive book presents the roadmap needed to attain UHC in Nigeria and offers a blueprint for achieving high-quality health care in the nation. Starting with a brief overview of the Nigerian state, the fundamentals of health care, including the challenges to affordable quality healthcare delivery, the author critically examines the healthcare system in Nigeria and offers specific recommendations to invigorate the system and improve interprofessional collaborations. Each chapter includes case studies to allow readers to contextualize the information presented and behavioral learning objectives to test readers' knowledge. Among the topics covered: The Organizational Structure and Leadership of the Nigerian Healthcare System The Vulnerabilities of the Nigerian Healthcare System The Spectrum of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Emerging Developments in Traditional Medicine Practice in Nigeria The Plight of Persons Living with Disabilities: The Visible Invisibles in Nigeria A Comparative Analysis of the Health System of Nigeria and Six Selected Nations Around the World A Qualitative Investigation of the Barriers to the Delivery of High-Quality Healthcare Services in Nigeria The Political and Economic Reforms Needed to Achieve Universal and High-Quality Health Care in Nigeria Reimagining the Nigerian Healthcare System to Achieve Universal and High-Quality Health Care by 2030 The Nigerian Healthcare System: Pathway to Universal and High-Quality Health Care is ideal for adoption as a textbook in health services administration, health policy and management, health informatics, healthcare delivery systems, and primary health care courses offered at universities in Nigeria. It also would appeal to students and faculty in African diaspora programs internationally. The book is also essential for policymakers, health systems technocrats, researchers, and professionals in various health disciplines, including medicine, nursing, and allied health.