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This book looks at the 23 million registered Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) that make up 98 per cent of the EU economy. Addressing the high end of SMEs in terms of new models for SME funding and financial reporting, this merged way of looking at SMEs reveals a ‘myopic’ thinking in terms of net present value and (future) cash flows generating short-termism and low risk appetite for business. This is not an accounting issue, but rather a preference toward certain financial tools. A segment of SMEs, the ones that seek new ways of funding possibilities, as well as modern technologies (MTFs listing, blockchain, ICOs, etc.) do require, even without knowing, IFRS for SMEs. This book reveals how market conditions impact the financial performance and sustainability of SMEs and also generate innovative policy interventions and financing strategies for SME integrity and efficiency. The authors frame their arguments in the context of the Capital Markets Union, looking at the Innovation Triangle, SME growth ecosystem and business models. They conclude by advocating for closing the circle of financing and financial reporting for SMEs, while considering if new financial models of financing and financial reporting are good for all the SMEs or only for some. The economy is being shaped by new models of financing and financial reporting. Read this practitioners’ view to understand the current changes and challenges.
This report maps a broad range of external financing techniques to address diverse needs in varying circumstances, including asset-based finance, alternative debt, hybrid instruments, and equity instruments.
This book explores current financing options for small and medium size enterprises (SMEs), with particular insight into the European market. The authors position SME funding within a risk-averse lending environment with high regulatory costs on business loans, which has arisen from the recent financial crisis and new European bank capital regulations. Chapters in the book demonstrate how and why SMEs may be forced to leave the market and posit that shadow banking and other alternative funding options are viable channels for raising funds. A new and innovative SME credit risk model is also presented. This book will appeal to all who share an interest in sustainable solutions to issues in SME financing.
The First Basel Capital Accord, implemented in 1988, was aimed at ensuring the soundness and stability of the international banking system. The new accord, Basel II, which is planned for implementation in December 2006, is intended to strengthen the framework for dealing with credit risk. This book provides an informative analysis of what Basel II means for the small and medium-sized enterprize (SME) sector in Europe and its impact on its credit financing conditions. It also presents a detailed analysis of how banks formulate an internal rating system and illustrates how this system works in practice. Finally, it concludes with the key measures that should be taken by banks, SMEs, and public policymakers to improve financing in the new rating culture.
Factoring is a form of asset-based finance where the credit is extended based on the value of the borrower's accounts receivable. In recent years factoring has experienced phenomenal growth and has become an important source of financing--especially short-term working capital--for small and medium-size enterprises and corporations, reaching a worldwide volume of 760 billion euro in 2003. Although the importance of factoring varies considerably around the world, it occurs in most countries and is growing especially quickly in many developing countries. Bakker, Klapper, and Udell explore the advantages of factoring over other types of lending for firms in developing economies, and discuss the informational, legal, tax, and regulatory barriers to its growth. They also examine the role of factoring in the eight Eastern European countries that became EU members on May 1, 2004--the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, the Slovak Republic, and Slovenia, referred to as the EU 8. The authors conclude that factoring offers key advantages over other lending products and is likely to become more important in these countries, and suggest policies to accelerate its development. This paper--a joint product of the Finance Team, Development Research Group and the Private and Financial Sector Development Department--is part of a larger effort in the Bank to study access to financing.
This book is reflective of a science-based vision of the future development paradigm of economic and social systems. It deals with the digitization as the technological basis for the future development of economic and social systems and presents a review of groundbreaking technologies and prospects for their application. The specific character of the industry and prospects for the application of digital technologies in business are analyzed. A rationale is provided for future prospects for the sustainable development of economic and social systems in a digital economy. The authors determine the process of the formation and development of the information-oriented society, social and educational aspects of the digitization, as well as the institutional framework of the digital future of social and economic systems. The book combines the best works following the results of the 12th International Research-to-Practice Conference “Artificial Intelligence: Anthropogenic Nature vs. Social Origin” that was held by the Institute of Scientific Communications (ISC) in cooperation with the Siberian Federal University and the Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of support of scientific and scientific–technical activities on 5–7 December 2019, in Krasnoyarsk, Russia, as well as following the results of the 3rd International Research-to-Practice Conference “Economic and Social Systems: Paradigms for the Future” that was held by the ISC in cooperation with the Pyatigorsk State University on 5–6 February 2020. The target audience of the book consists of representatives of the academic community concerned with the future prospects for the development of economic and social systems, as well as economic agents engaged in the digitization of business processes, and representatives of public agencies regulating the development of business systems for their progressivity, sustainability and competitiveness.
Richard Wittsiepe analyses the relevant IFRS statements with a view to possibly integrating them into existing workflows in an annual audit. He weighs the key issues of conversion by comparing them with the 4th EU Directive for accounting within the EU. The aim is to visualise the workflows as the basis for creating support software which can make a key contribution to cost-effective conversion.
The international financial crisis of 2007 and 2008 and the situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have had a great impact on many firms’ financial needs. Simultaneously, several emerging countries have bet on boosting private initiatives as a way to diversify their economies and create jobs and wealth for their populations. New forms of financing have appeared that have impacted the firm’s capital structure, cost of capital, and access to finance by underprivileged communities that are normally outside the formal economy. The Handbook of Research on Acceleration Programs for SMEs provides and shares knowledge on the financial mix, alternative forms of finance, capital structure, and more. It calls attention to relevant challenges, financial institutions, and governments to guarantee funds and economic and social development with new competencies, innovations, new ways of investing, entrepreneurship, and business models with new public policies. Covering topics such as earnings management, capital structure, and foreign exchange, this major reference work is an essential resource for government officials, business leaders and executives, economists, sociologists, students and faculty of higher education, librarians, researchers, and academicians.
The 9th edition of the Scoreboard on Financing SMEs and Entrepreneurs report provides data from 48 countries around the world on SME lending, alternative finance instruments and financing conditions, as well as information on policy initiatives to improve SME access to finance.