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This workshop was the second of this series held on the island of santorini in the Cycladic Sea. The first one ("Mechanism of Action of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor", NATO ASI Se ries H, vol. 10) took place in May 1986 and focused on what was at the time the best studied of all neuroreceptors. This second one, held only two years later, demonstrates the im mense progress achieved since then in the field of neurorecep tors and ion channels. Molecular cloning techniques have now made available the primary structures of a whole array of ion channel proteins, and this in turn has shed light on some gen eral principles of the structure-function relationships of these central elements of intercellular communication. The purpose of this workshop was to explore the common ele ments in gene and protein structure of already cloned ion channel proteins, and to assess the status of other cloning projects in progress. It explicitly focused on very recently published and unpublished results. All participants kept to these goals thereby demonstrating the very value of such work shops for the progress of science.
Since the first Hiroshima Symposium of Neurotransmitter Receptors in 1983, there have been conspicuous advances in this field. For instance, our knowledge on transmembrane signalling mechanism has increased almost exponentially and this great stride has been linking areas of biology that had been previously considered of as being separate. The Second Hiroshima International Neurotransmitter Receptor Symposium was held on October 6 to 9 bringing together an outstanding group of neuroscientists from various disciplines to integrate these advances in the hope that their valuable contributions will make this meeting a tradition in this city. The original title of the Symposium was "Receptor Mechanism of Neurotransmitter and Neuropeptides". This volume is based on papers presented at this Second Hiroshima Symposium. Our aim editing this book is to discuss various neurotransmitter receptors in terms of their structural and biochemical properties, functions, ligands and related intracellular control mechanism, and to know the general denominators of all receptors. The editors believe that this book will provide a useful state-of-the-art summary of neuroreceptor fields at present and profit for those who could not participate in the Hiroshima Conference vicariously by reading the texts included in this volume. The editors acknowledge the help of many friends and colleagues in making this book possible. We are especially grateful to Dr. Shinobu Inagaki, former assistant professor of Third De-partment of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University School of Medicine who made the Symposium successful as secretary-general through her devoted efforts. In 1988, Dr.
Glutamate is the most pervasive neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS). Despite this fact, no validated biological markers, or biomarkers, currently exist for measuring glutamate pathology in CNS disorders or injuries. Glutamate dysfunction has been associated with an extensive range of nervous system diseases and disorders. Problems with how the neurotransmitter glutamate functions in the brain have been linked to a wide variety of disorders, including schizophrenia, Alzheimer's, substance abuse, and traumatic brain injury. These conditions are widespread, affecting a large portion of the United States population, and remain difficult to treat. Efforts to understand, treat, and prevent glutamate-related disorders can be aided by the identification of valid biomarkers. The Institute of Medicine's Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders held a workshop on June 21-22, 2010, to explore ways to accelerate the development, validation, and implementation of such biomarkers. Glutamate-Related Biomarkers in Drug Development for Disorders of the Nervous System: Workshop Summary investigates promising current and emerging technologies, and outlines strategies to procure resources and tools to advance drug development for associated nervous system disorders. Moreover, this report highlights presentations by expert panelists, and the open panel discussions that occurred during the workshop.
This book provides the reader with background information on neurotransmitter release. Emphasis is placed on the rationale by which proteins are assigned specific functions rather than just providing facts about function.
Brain Mapping: The Disorders is the first comprehensive text to describe the uses of the latest brain mapping technologies in the evaluation of patients with neurological, neurosurgical and psychiatric disorders. With contributions from the leading figures in the field, this heavily illustrated text is organized by disorders of brain systems, with specific examples of how one should use current neuroimaging techniques to evaluate patients with specific cerebral disorders. Comprehensive in scope, the text discusses patient evaluations using the wide range of modern magnetic resonance imaging techniques, positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, optical intrinsic signal imaging, electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography, and transcranial magnetic stimulation. The third in this brain mapping series, Brain Mapping: The Disorders, is the ultimate text for anyone interested in the use of brain mapping techniques to study patients with disorders of the central nervous system. Provides a comprehensive, in-depth view of the current brain mapping techniques as they are used in the evaluation of patients with cerebral disorders Heavily illustrated to provide actual examples of the use of the specific techniques Includes contributions from the leaders in the field ensure authoritative and up-to-date material Completes the trilogy of three brain mapping texts dealing, respectively, with the methods, the applications of these methods in the normal brain and in patients with neurological, neurosurgical, and psychiatric disorders
Brain imaging technology remains at the forefront of advances in both our understanding of the brain and our ability to diagnose and treat brain disease and disorders. Imaging of the Human Brain in Health and Disease examines the localization of neurotransmitter receptors in the nervous system of normal, healthy humans and compares that with humans who are suffering from various neurologic diseases. Opening chapters introduce the basic science of imaging neurotransmitters, including sigma, acetylcholine, opioid, and dopamine receptors. Imaging the healthy and diseased brain includes brain imaging of anger, pain, autism, the release of dopamine, the impact of cannabinoids, and Alzheimer's disease. This book is a valuable companion to a wide range of scholars, students, and researchers in neuroscience, clinical neurology, and psychiatry, and provides a detailed introduction to the application of advanced imaging to the treatment of brain disorders and disease. - A focused introduction to imaging healthy and diseased brains - Focuses on the primary neurotransmitter release - Includes sigma, acetylcholine, opioid, and dopamine receptors - Presents the imaging of healthy and diseased brains via anger, pain, autism, and Alzheimer's disease