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What did it mean to be a man in Scotland over the past nine centuries?Scotland, with its stereotypes of the kilted warrior and the industrial ahard man has long been characterised in masculine terms, but there has been little historical exploration of what masculinity actually means for men (and women) in a Scottish context. This interdisciplinary collection explores a diverse range of the multiple and changing forms of masculinities from the late eleventh to the late twentieth century, examining the ways in which Scottish society through the ages defined expectations for men and their behaviour.How men reacted to those expectations is examined through sources such as documentary materials, medieval seals, romance, poetry, begging letters, police reports and court records, charity records, oral histories and personal correspondence. Focusing upon the wide range of activities and roles undertaken by men a work, fatherhood and play, violence and war, sex and commerce a the book also illustrates the range of masculinities which affected or were internalised by men. Together, they illustrate some of the ways Scotlands gender expectations have changed over the centuries and how more generally masculinities have informed the path of Scottish history.ContributorsLynn Abrams, University of GlasgowKatie Barclay, University of AdelaideAngela Bartiem University of EdinburghRosalind Carr, University of East LondonTanya Cheadle, University of GlasgowHarriet Cornell, University of EdinburghSarah Dunnigan, University of EdinburghElizabeth Ewan, University of GuelphAlistair Fraser, University of GlasgowSergi Mainer, University of EdinburghJeffrey Meek, University of GlasgowCynthia J. Neville, Dalhousie University Janay Nugent, University of Lethbridge Tawny Paul, Northumbria University
A Genealogy of the Gentleman argues that eighteenth-century women writers made key interventions in modern ideals of masculinity and authorship through their narrative constructions of the gentleman. It challenges two latent critical assumptions: first, that the gentleman’s masculinity is normative, private, and therefore oppositional to concepts of performance; and second, that women writers, from their disadvantaged position within a patriarchal society, had no real means of influencing dominant structures of masculinity. By placing writers such as Mary Davys, Eliza Haywood, Charlotte Lennox, Elizabeth Inchbald, and Mary Robinson in dialogue with canonical representatives of the gentleman author—Joseph Addison and Richard Steele, David Hume, Samuel Johnson, and Samuel Richardson—Mary Beth Harris shows how these women carved out a space for their literary authority not by overtly opposing their male critics and society’s patriarchal structure, but by rewriting the persona of the gentleman as a figure whose very desirability and appeal were dependent on women’s influence. Ultimately, this project considers the import of these women writers’ legacy, both progressive and conservative, on hegemonic standards of masculinity that persist to this day.
In this innovative volume, scholars who typically write under the rubric of either the long eighteenth century or Romanticism examine novels claimed by both scholarly periods. Rather than simply opposing an Enlightenment of rationality, propriety, and progress to a Romantic Period of inspiration, heroic individualism, and sublime emotionality, these essays reveal a productive tension, challenging traditional definitions of 'Enlightenment' and 'Romantic.' Patricia Meyer Spacks and Stephen C. Behrendt respond, situating the essays and the stakes.
Although Smollett's obvious masculine sensibility has become a commonplace in criticism of the 18th-century novel, the basis and particularities of that sensibility have never been examined. In actuality, his treatment of women--heroines, victims, and comic or grotesque--proves far more complex than conventional commentary suggests. This study attempts to show that in each category Smollett's treatment depends on the fictional purposes that these characters serve in his novels.
"The Unfinished Manner examines the fragments produced by European writers and artists in the eighteenth century and earlier, fragments that were not the result of an inability to finish either texts or buildings but rather deliberate refusals to make the traditional gestures of conclusion. Most books published in the past few years on the fragment and the unfinished see it as a peculiarly "Romantic" early nineteenth-century exclusively poetic form. Elizabeth Wanning Harries argues, instead, that the fragment not only had a long history beginning with Petrarch but also played an important part in the history of the novel and other kinds of prose." "Conceptualizing the fragment as a genre, Harries sheds a new light on the practice of reading fiction and "reading" ruins in the eighteenth century, complex practices that often require oscillation between two perspectives or ways of reading. She also explores the gendering of forms in eighteenth-century aesthetics - the perception of fragments as feminine (beautiful) rather than masculine (sublime) - and speculates on the fragment's meaning within the context of eighteenth-century social mythologies as well as those of later eras. Finally, she rereads Coleridge's "Kubla Khan" to show its roots in eighteenth-century fragmentary textual practices." "The Unfinished Manner takes up the questions that arise when writers and artists treat apparently unfinished forms - fragments, ruins, torsos, sketches - as finished, both in the eighteenth century and, implicitly, today. Harries's treatments of Petrarch as the initiator of the fragment tradition, of Sterne in relation to biblical criticism, of Coleridge's "Kubla Khan" in relation to Sterne's Tristram Shandy, and of fragments in their relation to the feminine are original and revisionary contributions that seriously challenge some critical assumptions about Romanticism and its relationship to eighteenth-century texts."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved